From this study, it has been concluded that both the resin based sealers that were used in this study were equally effective compared to that of the zinc oxide-based sealers and the control group. However, no significant results were obtained when the comparison was made between zinc oxide-eugenol and gutta-percha and the control group.

Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP) is a rare clinical condition characterized by the formation of a thick, fibrous membrane encasing the intestines, which may lead to intestinal obstruction. The pathogenesis is not completely understood, but various risk factors are well established. However, there are only few reported cases of SEP associated with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Herein, we report a case of a 69-year-old male patient who presented clinically with acute intestinal obstruction 2 years after undergoing a resection procedure for gastric cancer. An abdominal computed tomography revealed findings typical of SEP. Consequently, the patient underwent exploratory laparoscopy, which confirmed the diagnosis of SEP and established the etiology as peritoneal metastases. The patient was managed conservatively, and his symptoms showed some improvement. The patient was at an advanced stage of the disease, and thus remained on palliative care and passed away 1 month later. Although very rare, physicians should consider SEP in their differential diagnoses of intestinal obstruction in patients, particularly in those with a history of intra-abdominal malignancies.

Objective: To evaluate the awareness of orthodontic problems and referral practices among general dental practitioners and non-orthodontic specialists practicing in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: Cross-sectional prospective study included general dentists and specialists/consultants of both genders, aged between 22-60 years, practicing General dentistry and as specialist other than orthodontics for 2 or more years. Non-practicing dentists and non-registered dentists were excluded. Data was analysed on SPSS version 21.00. Results: Results revealed that males were 55.5% and general dental practitioners were 44%. It is evident that 53.5% (107) GDPs and 33% (66) non orthodontic specialists practiced orthodontic referral in their practices. Cross-tabulation of variables compared with gender and general dental practitioners and non-orthodontic specialists, using chi-square test, revealed significant p-value of orthodontist referral, but recommendation of orthodontic treatment only after the eruption of all permanent teeth, awareness of tooth extraction for alignment of irregular teeth, and awareness regarding worsening of TMJ problems by orthodontic treatment. Conclusion: It has been concluded that the referral practices of dentists practicing in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, concerning orthodontic patients, were satisfactory, although awareness regarding orthodontic problem requires unremitting learning and considerate positive progression towards basic orthodontics.