A high-speed railway project for trains of speeds of up to 160 km/h is currently being constructed between Rawang and Bidor (110 km long) in Peninsular Malaysia. The ground improvement methods adopted in the project are vibro-replacement with stone columns, dry deep soil mixing (cement columns), geogrid-reinforced piled embankments with individual pile caps and removal/replacement works. This paper provides a detailed insight into the design and implementation of vibro-replacement and the deep soil mixing treatment methods used in the project. The use of plate bearing tests and field instrumentation to monitor the performance of the stone columns and soil mixing ground treatment methods is also discussed. This paper also provides a brief overview of other treatment methods implemented in this high-speed railway project such as a pile embankment with geogrids and removal/replacement works.
A high-speed railway project for trains with speeds of 160–180 km/h was recently completed in Malaysia. An array of geosynthetics such as biaxial geogrids, non-woven geotextiles and woven geotextiles were extensively used in the project primarily for separation, filtration and reinforcement purposes. The geosynthetics were particularly used at locations of high embankments underlain by soft clays and loose sands. Ground improvement using geosynthetics in the project primarily included geogrid-reinforced piled embankments with individual pile caps, geogrids at bridge approach transitions, geogrids for ground treatment beneath culverts, geogrids for culverts supported by stone columns, woven geotextiles for cement column works, non-woven geotextiles for excavation works, non-woven geotextiles at the top of the railway subgrade layer, non-woven geotextiles for temporary retaining walls and non-woven geotextiles for slope protection works. This paper provides a detailed insight into the design and implementation of ground improvement using geogrids and geotextiles in this case study project, with a focus on the geogrid reinforcement design of piled embankments with individual pile caps. The use of geosynthetics in the various railway applications in the project was found to provide safe and cost-effective solutions to the various geotechnical engineering challenges encountered.
A high-speed railway project in Malaysia for trains of speeds of up to 160 km/hr has been constructed between Rawang and Bidor (110 km long) in Peninsular Malaysia. The project requirement for track substructure analysis for the above stretch of works was studied by Ranhill Consulting. The geotechnical factors which are of importance for the subgrade performance are the strength and stiffness of the subgrade soil. Laboratory tests carried out, include grain size distribution, California Bearing Ratio and cyclic triaxial load test to determine the Threshold stress and the Resilient Modulus.Dynamic amplification factor and static deflection are influenced by the stiffness of the subgrade. Finite element analyses were carried out using a Young's modulus of 25 Mpa for subgrade to indicate a corresponding static deflection that is acceptable. Develop relationship between CBR and cyclic triaxial resilient modulus, undrained shear strength and resilient modulus as well as comparison of strength and resilient modulus measure in cyclic triaxial test.Based on this requirement, it was safely assessed that low embankment construction using Removal and Replacement Method have met the project's required criteria.
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