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Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy plays a major role in diagnosis and management of upper gastrointestinal disorders. Lack of patient's knowledge regarding endoscopy procedure is the main reason for increasing anxiety. This study aimed to: Assess knowledge and anxiety levels of patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The study was carried out: In the gastrointestinal endoscopy units, Tanta University Hospital: A convenience sample of adult patients with GI disorders admitted to GI endoscopy units at Tanta University Hospital and scheduled for GI endoscopy were recruit to the study. The research questions include,-What are the levels of knowledge of patients undergoing upper GI endoscopy at Tanta University Hospital?-What are relations between levels of state and trait anxiety and different variables? Tools of the study: Two tools were used, Tool (I) Structured interview questionnaire: This tool was developed and used by the researcher for collection of baseline data and is consisted of three parts: Socio demographic data, patient's clinical information and patient's knowledge regarding upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Tool (II) The State Trait Anxiety Inventory Scale: The original scale was developed by Spielberger in to evaluate respectively, state and trait anxiety. Results: It was observed that Less than half (.) of studied patients had poor knowledge score, while () had severe state anxiety and more than half () had severe trait anxiety. there was a high negative significant correlation (r=- ,-respectively) between knowledge and The State Trait Anxiety Inventory Scale. Conclusion: Providing information to the patient before upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, decrease their level of anxiety and improve tolerance level during endoscopy procedure. Recommendations: It was recommended that provision of institutional written policies and guidelines regarding increasing knowledge and declining anxiety for patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Background: Adherence with the prescribed medical regimen is a crucial factor for achieving good therapeutic results in dialysis patients. This study aimed to: Assess adherence of chronic renal failure patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis with therapeutic regimen. Subjects and Method: Setting:

Occupational characteristics The total studied nurses ( n =150) Operating Theatre ( n = 50) Medical Department ( n = 50) Surgical Department ( n = 50) Total Chi-square Socio-demographic data Total knowledge (one month

Transfusion of blood saves life. An error in blood transfusion, at the same time, takes life. An understanding and knowledge of the path physiology of transfusion reactions, symptoms and treatment is essential to safely administer and monitor transfusion. Aim of the study: to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge and practice of nurses on blood transfusion. Material and methods: A quasi-experimental research design was utilized on a convenient sample of 30 nurses. The study was conducted in the general medical and hematological departments at TantaUniversityHospital. Three Tools used for data collection includetool I to assess sociodemographic nurses data and knowledge. Tool II Observation check list sheet:to assess nurse's practice. ToolIII Construction of teaching program.Results: 43.3 % and 93.3% and 66.7 % respectively of the total sample of nurses pre program ,immediately and after one month of post program had correct answer about blood and blood transfusion. There was progress in information immediately after the program and after one month from the program than before the program (76.7%, 66.3% , 26.7%) respectively. The finding indicated that there was statistical significant difference and improvement of nurses' performance in immediately and after one month of the program from pre the program. Conclusion:there was a great improvement in the knowledge and practice score levels obtained by nurses after implementation of nursing intervention program immediately and after one month of follow up. Recommendation: Nurses are in need for in-service training programs and refreshing courses to improve their knowledge which will reflect on their practice.