The nutritive value of smoked, dried Procambarus clarkii sourced from Akwa Ibom, Rivers and Lagos states of Nigeria were evaluated and compared. The proximate composition of the crayfish samples were determined using official methods of analysis, mineral composition were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and the amino acid composition were analysed using Amino Acid Analyser. The proximate composition of the crayfish samples from three different locations (Akwa Ibom, Lagos and Rivers states) such as moisture, crude protein, crude fat and ash contents showed significant difference (p<0.05) across the selected locations while crude fibre and carbohydrate content showed no significant difference (p<0.05) across the selected locations. The amino acids composition gave the crayfish sample from Akwa Ibom state as the richest source of essential amino acids. The mineral contents of the crayfish samples such as potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese and calcium showed significant difference (p<0.05) across the selected locations while calcium, zinc and sodium contents showed no significant difference (p<0.05) across the selected locations. Comparing their nutrient component, smoked, dried P. Clarkia from Awka Ibom state possess the richest nutritive value.
Comparative morphological studies on the testes and seminal vesicles in African catfish and Nile Tilapia were conducted with the aim of comparing morphological and their architectural differences using anatomical, histological and biometric techniques. A total of the 50 fishes comprising of 25 African catfish and 25 Nile Tilapia fishes were captured and used, their live bodyweights and standard body lengths of the fish were measured using weighing balance in grams (g) and Tape rule in centimeter (cm), respectively. Thereafter, a midline incision was made on the ventral surface of the abdominal column. The positions of the organs were carefully examined in situ with representative samples of each of the testes and the seminal vesicle taken for routine histological evaluations with histomorphometry of the spermatozoa structural index assessment. The findings of this work showed that, the testicular structure and seminal vesicles of both African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Nile tilapia (Tilapia nilotica) are morphologically different in sizes, shapes and weight but have some similarities in their colors and locations. The testicular lengths of the African catfish were longer than that of the Nile tilapia (p<0.05). However, the spermatozoa structural index did not differ statistically even though there was higher is catfish when compared with tilapia with exception of the spermatozoa tail length. Therefore, apart from the contribution of the present study to the knowledge of comparative anatomy in these species of fish, it has equally put forward a baseline data for further comparative studies on the testicular and seminal vesicular morphology in these species.
The biochemical composition of three cultured cichlids (Tilapia zilli, Tilapia guineensis and Orechromis aureus) were evaluated and compared. The proximate composition of the cichlids was determined using official methods of analysis, mineral composition was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and the amino acid composition was analyzed using Amino Acid Analyzer. The proximate composition of the three cultured species of tilapia fish (T. zilli, T. guineensis and O. aureus) indicated that moisture content, crude fat, crude fiber and ash content showed significant difference (p<0.05) among the three species while crude protein and carbohydrate content showed no significant difference (p<0.05) among the three species. The mineral contents such as zinc, magnesium and manganese showed significant difference (p<0.05) among the three species of tilapia (T. zilli, T. guineensis and O. aureus) while sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, phosphorus and copper contents showed no significant difference (p<0.05) among the three species. The amino acid composition showed lysine as the most abundant amino acids present in all the cultured cichlids studied. This shows that these cultured cichlids are highly nutritious and would be of great value to consumers.
Oil composition of Clarias gariepinus collected from various locations were studied and compared. Oils contained in the fishes were extracted using Soxhlet extraction method. The physiochemical properties of the oils were determined using official methods of analysis while the fatty acid composition was analysed using Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrophotometer. The functional groups present in the oils were also detected using Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR). The oil content for the fishes was in the range of 30.65%-40.57%. The oil extracted from C. gariepinus collected from Badagry lagoon had the highest peroxide and iodine values (5.12 mg KOH/g and 129 mgI2/100 g). The fatty acid composition shows that the oils contains large number of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids except for the oil extracted from C. gariepinus collected from Ikorodu lagoon that contains large number of monounsaturated fatty acids. The FTIR spectra show the presence of carboxylic acid, methylene, esters, ketone and alcohol functional group. It was deduced from this study that habitat had strong impact on the oil composition of C. gariepinus.
Due to the effect of species, age, sex, environment and season on the nutrientcomposition of seafood, the effect of seasonal fluctuations on the nutrient content of whole body of Callinectes pallidus caught during dry and wet seasonswas investigated.The proximate composition of the whole body of Callinectes pallidus caught in the month of February (dry season) and June (rainy season)was determined using standard methods, the fatty acid composition was analysed using Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrophotometer and the amino acid composition was analyzed using Amino Acid Analyzer. Parameters such as crude fat, ash content and carbohydrateshowed significant difference (p<0.05) between Callinectes pallidus caught in February and Junewhile moisture content, crude protein and crude fibreshowed no significant difference (p<0.05). The percentage eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for C. pallidus caught in June (18.47%, 10.53%) was higher than those caught in February (11.21%, 6.90%) while the n-6/n-3 ratio of C. pallidus caught in February (1.07) was higher than those caught in June (0.71). Glutamic acid had the highest concentration of non-essential amino acid in C. pallidus caught in both seasons while leucine had the highest concentration of essential amino acids. This study showed that C. pallidus caught in wet season had higher crude protein content, polyunsaturated fatty acids and essential amino acids than C. pallidus caught in dry season.
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