Corona virus (COVID-19) outbreaks have severely disrupted the economy, with devastating effects on global trade and it has simultaneously affected households, businesses, financial institution, industrial establishments and infrastructure companies. The economic crisis caused by the virus has hit many more organizations around the world. Similarly, construction and engineering projects around the world have been jeopardize in various way by the COVID-19 pandemic and many projects have closed. As a result, there has been a financial recession in the construction industry in almost all countries and has created unemployment. All in all, this situation has caused great concern, uncertainty and unrest in the construction industry. This paper observes in several countries and describes the global impact of the Corona virus on the construction industry. This paper also explains how it is possible to continue construction work in this situation. If construction work continues, the economic downturn will be reduced and unemployment will be reduced.
We introduce the notion of functions of bounded proximal variation and the notion of orderly connected topology on the real line. Using these notions, we define in a novel way an integral of Perron type, including virtually all the known integrals of Perron and Denjoy types and admitting mean value theorems and integration by parts and the analog of Marcinkiewicz theorem for the ordinary Perron integral.
Objective: This paper investigates the main supply chain disruption factors and influences in a set of industrial manufacturing and technology industries as well as the relationships that exist between them. Background: Disruption factors are obstacles that impede a manufacturing company filling customer orders and are treated as the main causal factors in this study. The number of unfilled orders of an industry is any obligation to provide a good or service that has not been met and is used as the main response variable in this research. Methods: Principal component analysis and exploratory factor analysis are both variable reduction techniques that were utilized together in order to isolate latent constructs behind disruption factors and identify significant disruption factors contributing to the unfilled orders for each industry. Results: Across a majority of manufacturing industries, insufficient supply of materials, equipment limitations, logistics/transportation constraints, and storage limitations were observed to be amplified significantly as disruption factors by the pandemic. Conclusions: This research reveals the disruption factors that were exacerbated by the pandemic in a set of certain industrial manufacturing and technology industries that were not extensively examined by previous research and strongly corroborate existing literature on the general challenges imposed by the pandemic on supply chain networks. This work also provides a future research objective of improving supply chain resilience.
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