The study was performed on 20 (10 males, 10 females) roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) to investigate the concentration of cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic in the muscle tissue. They reside in forest and meadow, about 50 km distance from industrial activities and traffic. Samples were taken from the musculus biceps femoris of each deer without external contamination after shooting during the regular hunting season on a hunting area close to Eger in Hungary. The determination of heavy metal contents was carried out by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The statistical analysis was performed by statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 11.0. The measured residue concentration of cadmium was below the limit of detection in the roe deer meat indicating no health risk for the consumers. The average lead concentration (0.48 ± 0.21 mg/kg wet weight) exceeded the regulated maximum limit, but its calculated weekly intake was below the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). The residue level of mercury is not regulated and the average mercury content of roe deer meat (0.87 ± 0.40 mg/kg wet weight) was about half of PTWI, but the consumption of meat with the highest detected concentrations results in higher PTWI than recommended. The measured concentration of arsenic (0.27 ± 0.20 mg/kg wet weight) in the roe deer meat may not pose any health risk for the human consumers according to the PTWI set by the World Health Organization.
Illegal hunting, a major problem worldwide, has been a problem for legitimate wild game managers for centuries. Even the earliest legislation addressed wildlife damage caused by game and poaching that endangered the property and lives of others. Its perception varied as the relevant legislation changed, but it has always been a reprehensible act. The perpetrators were often motivated by hunger and the need to feed their families, sometimes by a passion for hunting or for financial gain. Poachers have always been very resourceful, efficient and dangerous, often using illegal weapons and tools, while protection of wildlife was never a factor behind their actions. The damage caused to wildlife and nature is enormous but can only be estimated. It is also important to know that illegal hunting and trade in game meat can be a source of animal diseases and zoonoses. The authors describe the legal regulations introduced to prevent and eradicate illegal hunting, including their impact on wildlife conservation, from the end of the 11th century to the present day. The current legislation is also summarised in the article, illustrating the main shortcomings with two case studies in the marking of shot game, as observed during official controls.
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