Application CPP-ACP-containing varnish irrespective of being associated with brushing and mouthwash, or not, reduced depth of caries lesions around orthodontic brackets.

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Objective: To evaluate the degree of perception of laypersons, dental professionals, and dental students regarding dental esthetics in cases with mandibular central incisor extraction. Materials and Methods: Using a smile photograph of a person with normal occlusion and all teeth, modifications were made to reflect the extraction of a mandibular incisor of various compositions and sizes. For this purpose a program specifically for image manipulation (Adobe Photoshop CS3, Adobe Systems Inc) was used. After manipulation the images were printed on photographic paper, attached to a questionnaire and distributed to laypersons, dental professionals, and dental students (n 5 90) to evaluate the degree of perception and esthetic using a scale of attractiveness, where 0 5 hardly attractive, 5 5 attractive, and 10 5 very attractive. The differences between examiners were checked by the Mann-Whitney test. All the statistics were performed with a confidence level of 95%. Results: The results demonstrated the skill of the dental professionals and dental students in perceiving the difference between cases of normal occlusion and cases where an incisor was lacking (P , .05). The photograph in which the lateral incisors were shown to be larger than the central incisor was the one that obtained the highest value among the cases of extraction in all groups of evaluators. Conclusions: It can be concluded that dental professionals and dental students are more skillful at identifying deviation from normality. In addition, central incisor extraction should always be discarded when there are other treatment options available. (Angle Orthod. 2012;82:732-738.)

According to aesthetic parameters, the presence of the gingiva is important in the composition of the smile, however, only when exposed to small extent.

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to verify the hypothesis that enamel deproteinization with papain gel at concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% increases shear bond strength as concentration increases.MethodsA total of 180 bovine mandibular permanent incisors were used, divided into six groups (n = 30), and denominated as follows: group 1 is the control group (CG) in which brackets are bonded with resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) according to the manufacturer's recommendations and groups 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 have brackets bonded with RMGIC after enamel deproteinization with papain gel at concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%, respectively. After bonding, teeth were immersed in artificial saliva and kept at a temperature of 37°C for 24 h. Mechanical tests were then performed in a universal mechanical test machine EMIC DL 5000 (Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Brazil). Values obtained were submitted to analysis of variance and then to Tukey's test (p < 0.05).ResultsThe results demonstrated that groups 5 and 6 showed the highest shear bond strength, differing statistically from the other groups (p < 0.05). CG with no papain gel used showed the lowest value and in turn showed no differences for groups 2, 3, and 4. As regards adhesive remnant index, CG showed statistical differences from the others. Groups 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, in which papain gel was used, presented no statistical differences among them (p > 0.05).ConclusionsIt was concluded that enamel deproteinization with 8% and 10% papain gel increases shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with RMGIC.

It could be concluded that black spaces occurring after mandibular incisor extraction had a negative repercussion on dental esthetics for the dentist, the dental student, and the layperson.

This study aimed to assess, in vitro, the biofilm viability and the phospholipase and protease production of Candida spp. from the saliva of HIV infected children and healthy controls, and to correlate the results with the use of medical data. A total of 79 isolates were analyzed: 48 Candida albicans isolates (33/15) and 20 Candida parapsilosis sensu lato complex isolates (12/8) (from HIV/control patients, respectively), and 8 Candida krusei, 1 Candida tropicalis, 1 Candida dubliniensis and 1 Candida guilliermondii from HIV patients. The XTT (2, 3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-Carboxanilide) reduction assay analyzed the biofilm viability. Phospholipase and protease assays were performed using the egg yolk and Bovine Serum Albumin agar plate methods, respectively. All isolates were able to form biofilm with cell viability. Quantitatively, Candida isolates from both groups presented a similar ability to form biofilm (p > 0.05). The biofilm viability activity was higher in C. albicans isolates than in non-albicans Candida isolates (p < 0.05) for both groups. Phospholipase activity was detected in 32 isolates (40.5%) and it was significantly higher in the HIV group (p = 0.006). Protease activity was detected in 66 isolates (84.8%) and most of them were relatively/very strong producers. No statistical association with medical data was found in the HIV group. Although Candida spp. isolates from HIV-positive children presented higher phospholipase production, in vitro they exhibited reduced virulence factors compared to isolates from healthy individuals. This finding may enlighten the role played by immunosuppression in the modulation of Candida virulence attributes.

Crianças. Aids. Manifestações orais. Dentista pediátrico. RESUMOIntrodução: O eritema gengival linear (LGE), normalmente referido como gengivite do HIV, é a forma mais comum de doença periodontal presente em indivíduos infectados pelo HIV. Recentemente, estas lesões foram consideradas como uma possível forma de candidíase oral eritematosa causada por Candida. albicans. Outras espécies, como C. tropicalis, C. stellatoidea, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata e C. dubliniensis também foram identificadas em indivíduos infectados pelo HIV associadas ao LGE. Objetivo: O presente artigo mostra a presença de lesões típicas de LGE em seis crianças infectadas pelo HIV e também investigou o agente etiológico das lesões orais através de exames microbiológicos, correlacionando o LGE com as condições sistêmicas dos pacientes. Case report: Análises microbiológicas mostraram crescimento positivo para Candida spp em todos os pacientes, os quais possuiam imunossupressão grave. Adicionalmente, a regressão total das lesões foi observada após medicação tópica antifúngica. Conclusão: A presença de LGE em pacientes pediátricos com AIDS pode ser um marcador preditivo da progressão