Pyrolysis of agricultural waste to produce fuel gas involves formation of tars as noxious by-products. In this paper the qualitative analysis of tars formed during pyrolysis of rice husks is presented, based on identification by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and interpolation of retention times on a polyaromatic hydrocarbon index scale. The influence of some reaction parameters on product formation is briefly discussed.
SUMMARYA method is described for the quantitative determination of the total sulphur content of gas oils, using a gas chromatograph with an empty glass column and a dual-flame flame photometric detector. The method can aiso be used for the analysis of the volatile sulphur content in aqueous solutions. INTRODUCFIONDuring a study of catalytic hydrodesulphurization of gas oils' a method was needed not only for the determination of the distribution of sulphur compounds, but also, more importantly, for the determination of total suIphur content. Methods have been published for the determination of the distribution of sulpbur compounds in gas oils using gas chromatography (GC) with a coulometric detector'>3. The flame photometric detector (FPD) has proved its usefulness for the analysis of sulphur compounds.The response of the FPD for nanogram amounts of sulphur is comparabIe with that of the microcoulometric detector". The dual-flame concept was introduced to improve the FPD performano9. The work of Rupprecht and Phillips6 is of particular interest, since the system was used not only as a GC detector but also for the continuous monitoring of the odorant suiphur content in hydrocarbon gases and the determination of sulphur content in volatile liquids. Difficult operation and somewhat poor reproducibility apparently prohibited a more widespread use. These problems seem to be greatly reduced in a more'recent design'.In this paper a simple method is described for the quantitative determination of the total sulphur content in oil fractions, using a gas chromatograph with an empty glass column and a dual-flame FPD. The method was extended to the determination of the total (volatile) sulphur content of aqueous solutions. This was applied to a scrubber for gasifier effluents. EXPERIMENTALBecause of the non-linear response of the FPD, the simplest approach was to
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