. Prof.ssa A. PATRUNO, già Professore associato di Fisica del Terreno Agrario, DiSTA, stessa Università. Prof. A. GUARNIERI, Professore ordinario Dipartimento Economia e Ingegneria Agrarie, DEIAGRA, stessa Università. Dott. E. CIRILLO, Assegnista Post-Dottorato di Ricerca, DiSTA, stessa Università.1 Soprattutto i termini "massico" e "volumico" nel senso di "per unità di massa" e "per unità di volume". Si useranno inoltre simboli scelti come più facilmente intuibili per il lettore italiano. In particolare ρ aps = massa volumica apparente dei solidi (ρ b , soil dry bulk density in inglese); ρ s = massa volumica reale dei solidi; ρ l = massa volumica dell'acqua; w = umidità gravimetrica (kg kg -1 ) = ϑ ρ l / ρ s con ϑ = rapporto di umidità; V map = volume massico apparente (=ρ aps -1 ), V s bulk specific volume, in inglese. ___________2 È il termine corretto usato da Boivin et al., [5] in sostituzione del più comune termine di "fase". 006_Cavazza(497) _45 19-02-2008 14:28 Pagina 45
Soil surface crusting has severe agricultural and environmental effects. The action of beating rains can destroy soil surface structure and in some cases lead to surface sealing and crusting which, in turn, reduce soil conductivity, seed emergence and increase the runoff hazard. The susceptibility of different soils to crusting was studied by a new experimental apparatus and model. A micro rain – simulator mounted on a rotating disc sprinkles water on soil sample and after a certain time (or revolutions of the disc) the water ponded on soil surface completely percolates and water is again applied to the soil surface. The model was used to follow the variation of soil hydraulic conductivity as a function of time or total water applied during the crust formation. The effects of soil sieved crumbs and duration of pre-saturation were investigated during the crust formation. For some soils crusting decreases along the sprinkling events, with the diameter of aggregates presenting high values; sometimes significant structural deterioration in the aggregate of higher diameter occurs after a initial resistance to crusting as evidenced by a sharp reduced hydraulic conductivity. The role of the pre-saturation time seem more important for less resistant soils
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