The paper presents the possibilities of selected functions from openair package for R programming environment in urban air pollution assessment. Examples of data analysis were based on the measurements from continuous air quality monitoring stations in Krakow (Poland). In order to present additional functionality of this software, modeling results of back trajectories and air pollution dispersion were used. Functions and visualization methods included in openair package make scrutiny of large data sets easier and less time consuming. They allow for analysis of measurement data with the determination of general relationships between parameters, additional complex spatial analyses for back trajectories, and validation of air pollution dispersion models. Openair package is, therefore, a valuable and functional tool that can be successfully used as a support in the air quality management system.
Abstract. Scientific research studies conducted in various parts of the world confirm that PM10 concentrations in urban air depend to a great extent on the resuspension processes of the dust deposited on the road surface. The paper presents the results of the study related to the determination of the re-entrained PM10 emissions from four selected streets of Krakow (Southern Poland) together with the assessment of its impact on air quality. Examined streets are characterised by different traffic intensity (from 500 to over 20 000 vehicles per day) and individual vehicle structure. Dust material sampling and estimation of the PM10 emission were conducted according to the U.S. EPA methodology (AP 42 Fifth Edition). Two variants of sample collection were applied: from the road surface including the area at the curb (4 streets) and from the road surface alone (1 street). The estimates of resuspended road dust emission as well as the reference values derived from the U.S. EPA guidelines were used to assess the impact of this emission on the PM10 levels in the air at the location of one of the analysed streets. This assessment was conducted using the CALINE4 mathematical model. The study showed that the PM10 emissions from the re-entrained road dust can be responsible for up to 25 % in the winter and 50 % in the summer of the total PM10 concentrations in the air near the roads.
The paper presents the impact of the cleaning of a dual carriageway located in a street canyon in Krakow (Southern Poland) on the levels of the PM10 and PM2.5 air concentrations. For this purpose, representative dust samples from the analysed street were collected corresponding to the street cleaning situation, the re-entrained road dust PM10 and PM2.5 emissions were estimated in accordance with the U.S. EPA guidelines, and the particulate matter atmospheric dispersion modelling was carried out using the CALINE4 model for a selected episode of street cleaning. The modelling results were compared with the measurement results of the PM10 and PM2.5 air concentrations obtained from the air quality monitoring station (traffic type) located in the middle of this street canyon. The results of the air dispersion modelling in the canyon zone confirmed the strong impact of street cleaning on the temporary (1-hour) PM10 concentrations in the direct vicinity of the cleaned section depending on meteorological conditions. During the cleaning episode, no significant increase in the PM2.5 concentration in the air was observed.
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