The impact of street cleaning on particulate matter air concentrations: a case study of a street canyon in Krakow (Poland)

Abstract

The paper presents the impact of the cleaning of a dual carriageway located in a street canyon in Krakow (Southern Poland) on the levels of the PM10 and PM2.5 air concentrations. For this purpose, representative dust samples from the analysed street were collected corresponding to the street cleaning situation, the re-entrained road dust PM10 and PM2.5 emissions were estimated in accordance with the U.S. EPA guidelines, and the particulate matter atmospheric dispersion modelling was carried out using the CALINE4 model for a selected episode of street cleaning. The modelling results were compared with the measurement results of the PM10 and PM2.5 air concentrations obtained from the air quality monitoring station (traffic type) located in the middle of this street canyon. The results of the air dispersion modelling in the canyon zone confirmed the strong impact of street cleaning on the temporary (1-hour) PM10 concentrations in the direct vicinity of the cleaned section depending on meteorological conditions. During the cleaning episode, no significant increase in the PM2.5 concentration in the air was observed.

Assessing the Impact of Road Traffic Reorganization on Air Quality: A Street Canyon Case Study

“…Average for all of the analyzed traffic variants percentages of secondary and vehicle emission in total emission of a given particulate matter type from the analyzed street are respectively 41% and 59% in case of PM 10 and respectively 33% and 67% in case of PM 2.5 . This is confirmed by high importance of the resuspension effect of particulate matter from road in total emission of dust from vehicle transport and shaping the air quality in street canyons recognized in other studies [11,42,43,54,55,58].…”

“…shaping the levels of PM10 and PM2.5 in the air near traffic routes is confirmed by studies conducted in various regions in the world [11,42,43,54,55].…”

“…As shown in the work [35], a certain improvement of the prognostic accuracy of the OSPM model in terms of the modeled PM 10 and PM 2.5 levels is possible through implementation in the modeling process of the secondary emission of particulate matter from road next to the emission from vehicles, which was also applied in this study. A great share of the secondary emission in shaping the levels of PM 10 and PM 2.5 in the air near traffic routes is confirmed by studies conducted in various regions in the world [11,42,43,54,55].…”

“…Previous works concerning traffic-related air pollutants modeling in street canyons were most often aimed at presenting the impact on air quality of the emissions from selected streets usually located near the air quality monitoring stations. In most cases the CALINE4 [39,40] or OSPM [34,35,[41][42][43] was used in these studies.…”

A Review of Road Traffic-Derived Non-Exhaust Particles: Emissions, Physicochemical Characteristics, Health Risks, and Mitigation Measures

“…In 2015, a European certification test, assessing the PM 10 /PM 2.5 efficiency of road sweepers, was established . Road sweeping tests on real roads often show limited efficiency, , explained by the failure of techniques to collect and hold small particles . Techniques can sometimes cause resuspension themselves through brushing without simultaneous dust suppression.…”