Arch Argent Pediatr 2011;109(6):485-491 / 485 rESUMEN La prisión se considera un medioambiente de muy alto riesgo, pero hay muy escasa información sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo (C y D) de los niños que viven allí. Con el objetivo de evaluarlo, se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal en 68 niños que vivían con sus 66 madres en la Unidad Penitenciaria 31, de Ezeiza (a 30 km de la ciudad de Buenos Aires). Métodos. Se midió el peso, la estatura, se administró la PRUNAPE (para pesquisa de trastornos inaparentes del desarrollo), se midió el cociente de desarrollo (Cats Clams), y el grado de conflictos emocionales (prueba SQE). Resultados. El intervalo etario de las madres fue 18-45 años, mediana 23,5 a. El tiempo de estadía de los niños varió entre 0,05 a 3,95 meses. La media ± error estándar (EE) del puntaje "Z" de la longitud corporal fue de -0,30 ± 0,12; peso 0,40 ± 0,12; índice de masa corporal (IMC) 0,91 ± 0,18; perímetro cefálico 0,19 ± 0,14, y cociente de desarrollo 92,4 ± 1,7. El peso medio de nacimiento fue normal, y 7 niños de 67 no pasaron la PRUNAPE, una proporción menor que el 19,3% encontrado en centros de salud de San Isidro. Se halló un alto porcentaje (39%) de niños con trastornos emocionales, y de madres con puntajes bajos en pautas de crianza comparados al de madres que viven en sus casas en La Plata. Conclusiones. Los niños tienen menor estatura y mayor IMC que los de referencia. El 39% presenta trastornos emocionales. Los conocimientos de pautas de crianza de las madres son menores que los de madres de La Plata. Palabras clave: crecimiento y desarrollo, salud correccional, PrunaPe, pesquisa de tratornos del desarrollo. SUMMArYPrisons are considered a very high risk environment, but there is very scarce scientific information on the growth and development of children who live there. Objective. With the purpose of evaluating growth and development of children living with their mothers in prison, a cross sectional survey was performed in 68 children aged 0-3 years in Unit 31, a prison for mothers with children located at 30 km from Buenos Aires. Methods. Weight, supine length, and developmental quotient (Cats Clams) was measured, PRUNAPE, and SQE-SE test were administered (screening tests for detecting developmental and emotional disorders, respectively). Mother´s child rearing practices were assessed with a previously standardized questionnaire. Results. Age range of mothers was 18-46 years, median 23.5 yr. Duration of stay in prison of children was 0.05-35 months. Mean ± standard error of "Z" score for height was -0.30 ± 0.12, weight 0.40 ± 0.12; body mass index 0.91 ± 0.18; head circumference 0.19 ± 0.14; and developmental quotient 92.4 ± 1.7. There were only 7 children out of 67 who failed the PRUNAPE. Mean Cats Clams developmental score was 91.3. ASQ-SE test showed high prevalence (39%) of emotional and social integration problems. Mother´s knowledge about child rearing practices was poorer than that found in a normal urban local population. There were no trends for results to be related to t...
Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the nutritional status, psychomotor and socioemotional development of children living with their mothers in prison in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Material and method: Sex, age, weight and height were measured in children (37) residing with their mothers (28) in Prison No. 33 of the SPB. Nutritional indicators were calculated and analyzed according to the WHO international reference (2006). National Research Test (PRUNAPE) and the parental questionnaire Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Socio-Emotional ® , Second Edition (ASQ:SE-2) were applied to evaluate development. Results: Anthropometric evaluation showed that 7% of children under 2 years presented low weight, 3% alert of low weight, 28% high weight and 14% low height. Children over 2 years of age showed 37.5% of high weight and 25% of risk of overweight. There were no children with short stature. PRUNAPE and ASQ:SE-2 tests: in the 30 cases that completed both tests more than half (53.3%) obtained scores within the expected range. In the group of children with both tests who did not pass the PRU-NAPE (n = 9), the result found in the ASQ-SE 2 was diverse: 66.6% within expectations and 33.3% at risk. Neither of children with both tests who did not pass the ASQ:SE-2 passed the PRUNAPE. Conclussion: There were high prevalences of excess weight and high percentages of risk in psychomotor development, considerably higher than in the general population. There is a need to take action to reduce the harmful effect of childhood confinement.
Background: Human milk fat is the main source of energy for breastfed infants. Milk fat also transports lipid soluble vitamins and n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), essential for the proper development of the brain, retina, and other organs. Fatty acids are the only milk lipids that can be altered to any extend by maternal dietary manipulation. Since maternal nutritional status during pregnancy is critical for the newborn, and little information exists regarding the PUFA status of populations living in Southern regions, Objective: To study the relationship between maternal nutrition and the fatty acid composition of human milk.Methods: Milk samples were obtained from mothers of normal nursing infants born at full term; maternal nutritional state was assessed using the body mass index. On this basis, mothers were considered as normal, overweight or obese. Maternal diet was evaluated according to a survey of frequency and quality of the food consumed. Samples of mature milk were obtained by hand expression 3 minutes into a nursing and immediately frozen at -70°C. Protein content was determined by spectrophotometry and total lipids by gravimetry. The fatty acid composition of lipids was determined by gas-liquid chromatography.Results and conclusions: Milk protein was no affected by maternal nutritional status; the total lipid content of milk samples from obese mothers was significantly increased relative to normal or overweight mothers. Of the total n-6 fatty acids, the milk from obese mothers had significant increases in the 18:2 n-6, and of total PUFA relative to the controls. There were no differences in the proportion of fatty acids of the n-3 series. Independently of nutritional status, the ratio n-6/n-3 fatty acids was very high compared with samples from developed countries. This is leading us to devise a strategy for a new dietary approach for nursing mothers. Background: Neocosur is a collaborative international neonatal network created in 1997 to survey the outcome of VLBW infants in South America. Recognition of practices and outcomes variation among NICUs will allow participating centers to evaluate their performance and to select those interventions that may improve neonatal outcomes.Aims: To describe clinical outcomes of VLBW infants admitted in 16 level III NICUs, from five South American Countries (Argentina-Chile-Paraguay-Peru-Uruguay) members of Neocosur.Methods: All live infants with birth weight (BW) between 500 and 1500 g born in the participating centers were included. Biodemographic data and outcome measures were prospectively collected between 10/2000 and 05/ 2004. Data registration was made on line and analyzed by a central database unit.Results: a total of 2,875 VLBW infants were included in the analysis. Mean BW was 1,085Ϯ279 g;, gestational age was 29 weeks Ϯ3). Perinatal information was as follow: 80% of mothers received prenatal care; multiple gestation 18%; antenatal steroids 69%; prenatal antibiotics 36%; 65% of the infants were delivered by cesarean section; 51% were ...
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