These findings are consistent with glutamatergic differences in migraine patients during the interictal period compared with healthy controls. We hypothesize that an increased Glu/Gln ratio could arise from neuronal-glial coupling of glutamatergic metabolism differences or an increased neuron/astrocyte ratio in the OC.

Animals with CCl4-induced cirrhosis and food restriction have shown alterations in spermatogenic cycle that were not seen in rats without CCl4-induced cirrhosis and food restriction.