The standard regimen for HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplant (BMT) in severe aplastic anemia (SAA) is cyclophosphamide (Cy) and horse antithymocyte globulin (ATG). Horse ATG has been replaced by rabbit ATG in many countries due to the unavailability of the former product. This study was designed to assess if these ATG preparations are interchangeable in the preparative regimen for matched related BMT in SAA. Forty consecutive BMTs were retrospectively analyzed: 20 received Cy plus horse ATG and 20 received Cy plus rabbit ATG as the preparative regimen. Conditioning with rabbit ATG was protective against acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) grades II-IV and moderate-severe chronic GVHD (cGVHD), with incidence rates of 0% versus 35.2% (P 5 .009) and 0% versus 34.0% (P 5 .04), respectively. On day 1100, the probability of proven/probable invasive fungal disease (IFD) was higher in patients conditioned with rabbit ATG, 31.2% versus 5.5%, respectively (P 5 .04). Earlier cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation (40 versus 50 days; P 5.02) was observed with rabbit ATG. An inferior lymphocyte count on days 130 (0.360 versus 0.814 Â 10 9 /L; P 5 .01) and 190 (0.744 versus 1.330 Â 10 9 /L; P 5 .006) was noticed in recipients of rabbit ATG. The incidence of stable mixed chimerism was higher in recipients of rabbit ATG (18.2% versus 80%, respectively; P 5 .004). These results suggest that horse and rabbit ATG preparations have different biological and clinical properties and should not be used interchangeably in the preparative regimen for related BMT in SAA.

BackgroundChildren with Down syndrome (DS) have an increased risk of childhood acute leukemia, especially acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) also called acute myeloid leukemia (AML) type M7. Here four yet unreported infants with such malignancies are reported.ResultsAn unbalanced translocation involving chromosome 1 was identified by GTG banding in all cases. These were characterized in more detail by molecular cytogenetic approaches. Additional molecular analysis revealed in three of the four cases mutations in exon 2 of the GATA binding protein 1 (globin transcription factor 1), located in Xp11.23.ConclusionOur results corroborate that abnormalities of chromosome 1 are common in DS-associated AMKL. Whether this chromosomal region contains gene(s) involved in hematopoietic malignant transformation remains to be determined.

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A educação a distância tem crescido no ensino superior, para conhecer de que forma acontece o ensino híbrido é necessário compreender as dificuldades, os avanços e os desafios apresentados pelos seus envolvidos. Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender os critérios utilizados pelos professores de disciplinas presenciais e online e nas avaliações acadêmicas durante o processo educativo semestral. Pode-se observar que os professores usam critérios diferenciados para avaliar seus alunos nas diferentes modalidades, porém é perceptível que o ensino híbrido tem sido mais eficiente que o ensino totalmente a distância. O processo educativo deve partir de ambas as partes uma vez que a relação entre o professor e aluno, por meio do ensino EAD, muitas vezes só acontece por meio do computador já que o professor atua como mediador do conhecimento.

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