Objective: The Scripps neurologic rating scale (SNRS) is a summary measure of individual components comprising a neurological examination, designed for use in multiple sclerosis (MS). Our objective is to evaluate the responsiveness of the SNRS, within the context of a 2-year, randomized, double-blind crossover study of the efficacy of cladribine for treatment of secondary progressive MS. Methods: Effect sizes were determined for the SNRS and its components, separately for each treatment group (initial placebo, and initial cladribine) over both years of the clinical trial, using a standard random effects model. Results: Individual components tended to show positive effect sizes (improvement) during periods of active therapy in both treatment groups, and negative effect sizes (deterioration) during periods of no active therapy. Summation indices derived from the individual components of the SNRS seemed somewhat more stable than the individual components. The two components mentation and mood, and bladder, bowel, or sexual dysfunction, were rather unresponsive in our clinical trial. Conclusions: Changes in the components of the SNRS over the course of our clinical trial were consistent between the two treatment groups. Most components were moderately responsive; and, the summary SNRS score appropriately summarized the moderate magnitudes of change evinced in the individual components. RÉSUMÉ: Sensibilité de l'échelle neurologique de Scripps lors d'un essai thérapeutique dans la sclérose en plaques. Objectif: L'échelle neurologique de Scripps (ÉNS), conçue pour être utilisée dans la sclérose en plaques (SEP), est une mesure sommaire de composantes individuelles incluant un examen neurologique. L'objectif de l'étude était d'évaluer la sensibilité de l'ÉNS dans le contexte d'une étude randomisée, en double insu avec chassé-croisé, de l'efficacité de la cladribine dans le traitement de la SEP secondaire progressive. Méthodes: L'ampleur des effets a été déterminée pour l'ÉNS et ses composantes séparément pour chaque groupe de traitement (traitement initial: placebo ou cladribine) au cours des deux ans de l'étude clinique au moyen d'un modèle standard à effets aléatoires. Résultats: Les composantes individuelles tendaient à démontrer des effets positifs (améliora-tion) pendant les périodes de traitement actif dans les deux groupes de traitement et des effets négatifs (détérioration) pendant les périodes sans traitement actif. Les indices de sommation dérivés des composantes individuelles de l'ÉNS semblaient plus stables que les composantes individuelles. Les deux composantes état mental et humeur, et dysfonction vésicale, intestinale ou sexuelle n'étaient pas sensibles lors de cet essai thérapeutique. Conclusions: Les changements dans les composantes de l'ÉNS au cours de cet essai thérapeutique étaient concordants entre les deux groupes de traitement. La plupart des composantes étaient modérément sensibles et le score sommaire résumait de façon appropriée l'ampleur modérée des changements démontrés par les comp...
Benefits of developing SEL skills can include improved academic success, emotional health, increased patience for problem solving, and enhanced emotional control and regulation (Ciotto & Gagnon, 2018). Physical education (PE) can be used as an avenue to teach SEL skills by connecting the affective domain (Ciotto & Gagnon, 2018) with the five SEL competencies of: (a) self-awareness, (b) social-awareness, (c) self-management, (d) relationship skills, and (e) responsible decision-making. We offer that SEL is important for all students and can support students with special needs, including those not in general education classrooms, when implemented with appropriate modifications. The purpose of this article is to provide adapted physical educators with two strategies for developing and implementing SEL within APE programs: Restorative Justice Circles (Anfara et al., 2013; Suvall, 2009) and TPSR (Hellison, 2003).
Background: In order to recruit and retain Latinx teachers, we must first understand how they choose to enter teaching; are socialized; and the influence of factors such as race, ethnicity, and culture on their beliefs and teaching practices. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the life history of Oscar, a Latino immigrant preservice physical education teacher. Method: Occupational socialization theory and life history methodology guided all the steps of this study. Results: Oscar’s life history revealed key narratives that were influential in constructing his socialization toward teaching and coaching. A constant search for belonging was an emerging theme. Conclusion: This life history highlights the significance and value in voicing the experiences and perspectives of our up and coming ethnically diverse educators. Oscar’s story adds a diverse lens to the occupational socialization and life history literature, especially from a recruitment and retainment standpoint.
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