Patients with IFI have increased ischial and femoral neck angles compared with controls. These anatomical variations in pelvic morphology may predispose to IFI. MRI is a useful method of not only assessing the osseous and soft-tissue abnormalities associated with IFI, but also of quantifying anatomical variations in pelvic morphology that can predispose to IFI.

Neck fat compartments expand differently with increasing adiposity, correlate with CVD risk factors, and are associated with metabolic syndrome, most notably NATpost and NATsc in women. Although neck circumference remains an important method to assess metabolic risk, cross-sectional NAT assessment provides further insight into fat accumulation in the neck. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02205021.

ObjectiveTo measure FDG uptake in visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue of metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically abnormal obese (MAO) compared to metabolically healthy lean (MHL) subjects. Given that MHO have increased metabolic risk, we hypothesized that MHO and MAO display similar VAT FDG uptake.Design and MethodsWe examined 18F-FDG-PET/CT studies of 141 adults (n=60 MHL, n=20 MHO, n=61 MAO) to determine VAT and SAT volumes and FDG uptake. Data on CVD risk factors (BMI, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, serum lipids, and fasting plasma glucose) were collected.ResultsMHO and MAO had similar VAT FDG uptake (P=0.74), both significantly lower than MHL (P<0.01) independent of age and gender. SAT FDG uptake was similar across all groups (P>0.2) independent of age and gender. In all groups, VAT FDG uptake was higher than SAT (P<0.0001). In separate sub-analyses of obese groups, VAT FDG uptake was more broadly negatively associated with whole-body adiposity than SAT FDG uptake, and FDG uptake in abdominal adipose depots was positively associated with liver density (P<0.05).ConclusionsFDG uptake in VAT of MHO is similar to MAO and lower than MHL, suggesting these subjects may present similar VAT dysfunction.

We aimed to test the hypothesis that noninvasive fat density by computed tomography (CT) increases after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and correlates with improved cardiometabolic risk. We examined 21 obese adults before and 12 months after RYGB and 16 obese nonsurgical controls followed for 12 months. Visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) density increased after RYGB (P<0.0001) while remaining stable in controls (P≥0.1). In RYGB subjects, 12-month increase in VAT density correlated with decreased CRP independent of change in VAT area or BMI (both P<0.05). Twelve-month increase in SAT density correlated with increased HDL-cholesterol independent of change in SAT area (P=0.048), BMI (P=0.03), or statin use (P=0.002), and 1 unit increase in SAT density had increased odds of higher total abdominal fat loss (P=0.002).

Background Recent studies suggest that pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) is associated with whole body adiposity and insulin resistance. Moreover, the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) differs between men and women. Although CVD is more prevalent in men, women suffering from CVD have a higher mortality compared to men. Differences in PAT may account for some of the observed sex differences in manifestations of CVD. Purpose To assess pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) as a biomarker for cardiometabolic risk and to assess potential sex differences. Material and Methods We studied 303 individuals (151 women, 152 men; mean age = 57 ± 17 years) across the weight spectrum. PAT and abdominal adipose tissue were quantified using clinical computed tomography (CT) scans obtained as part of a positron emission tomography (PET)/CT. Cardiometabolic risk factors were assessed from medical records. Linear regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to evaluate associations between PAT and cardiometabolic risk. Results PAT was higher in overweight and obese individuals compared to lean individuals and higher in men compared to women. PAT was positively associated with body mass index, abdominal fat ( P < 0.0001), fasting glucose, and serum lipids ( P < 0.05) with stronger associations in women than in men. PAT was accurate in detecting the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome with 74% sensitivity and 76% specificity (AUC = 0.80). Conclusion PAT is associated with measures of cardiometabolic risk and these associations are stronger in women compared to men. PAT could serve as a biomarker for opportunistic screening for cardiometabolic risk in patients undergoing chest CT.

Direct MR arthrography of the shoulder is a safe, relatively easy procedure that can increase diagnostic confidence in the evaluation of rotator cuff and labroligamentous disorders compared with conventional MR imaging of the shoulder. Surgeons more often request MR arthrography in younger patients who may have internal impingement or subtle shoulder subluxation rather than obvious cuff rupture, repeated dislocation, or arthropathy. This article describes the advances in glenohumeral injection and MR protocol techniques, imaging pitfalls, anatomical variants, common lesions associated with internal derangement of the shoulder, and MR arthrography of the postoperative shoulder.

Radiographic- and MRI-based measures in patients with standard THA do not show narrowing of IF and QF spaces.

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