ABSTRACT:The aim of the present parallel, double-blind investigation was to evaluate the effect of using systemic metronidazole alone or associated to scaling and root planing on adult chronic periodontal disease, monitored at baseline, 30, 60 and 90 days. Twelve subjects were divided into three groups: the first group (Group I -22 sites) was submitted to scaling and root planing (SRP) alone; the second group (Group II -30 sites) received SRP and 250 mg of metronidazole (3 times a day for 10 days), and the third group (Group III -31 sites) was treated with metronidazole alone. The clinical parameters evaluated were probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI) and bleeding upon probing (BP). Microbiological (BANA test) and enzymatic (Pocket Watch) tests were also performed. All three proposed treatments produced significant improvements in clinical conditions of subjects, from baseline, 30, 60 and 90-day period, except for clinical attachment level. The results obtained by microbiological and enzymatic tests did not show statistical differences among the groups for the 90-day period (r = 0.7924 and r = 0.7757, respectively). In relation to clinical parameters, statistical differences among groups were observed only for the gingival index (p = 0.0261) between Groups I and II, and probing depth (p = 0.0124) between Group I and the others. We conclude that the use of systemic metronidazole did not produce additional effects on the microbiological conditions of these patients with chronic periodontal disease. DESCRIPTORS: Periodontal diseases; Metronidazole; Aspartate aminotransferase. RESUMO:O objetivo do presente estudo paralelo, duplo-cego foi o de avaliar os efeitos do uso do metronidazol sistêmico, associado ou não à raspagem e ao alisamento radicular, sobre a doença periodontal crônica do adulto, observados inicialmente, aos 30, 60 e 90 dias. Foram selecionados 12 pacientes, distribuídos em 3 grupos: o primeiro grupo (Grupo I -22 sítios) foi submetido a raspagem e alisamento radicular (RAR) somente; o segundo grupo (Grupo II -30 sítios) recebeu RAR e 250 mg de metronidazol (3 X/dia, durante 10 dias); o terceiro grupo (Grupo III -31 sítios) foi tratado somente com metronidazol. Os parâmetros clínicos avaliados foram profundidade de sondagem (PS), nível de inserção clínica (NI), índices de placa (IPl) e gengival (IG) e sangramento à sondagem (SS). Os pacientes foram submetidos, ainda, à análise microbiológica (BANA) e enzimática ("Pocket Watch"). Os três tratamentos propostos melhoraram significativamente as condições clínicas dos pacientes no início, e nos períodos de 30, 60 e 90 dias, exceto para o nível de inserção clínica. As análises microbiológica e enzimática não apresentaram diferença estatística entre os três grupos para o período de 90 dias (r = 0,7924 e r = 0,7757, respectivamente). Já nos parâmetros clínicos, encontrou-se diferença estatística somente para o índice gengival (p = 0,0261) entre os Grupos I e II e, para a profundidade de sondagem, (p = 0,01...
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