One of the limiting factors of sheep breeding is helminth infection, mainly resulting in poor weight gain. The combination of parasite control strategies, including the use of medicinal herbs can reduce the use of chemical anthelmintics. Tanniferous plants, by having phenolic compounds, mainly condensed tannins were associated with anthelmintic action. Fagopyrum esculentum Moench (buckwheat) has flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins and high content of lysine, and the highest levels of these compounds are found in the seeds. Tannins exert direct anthelmintic action in reducing the the fertility of female nematodes, and indirect by increasing the immune response to protect the ingested protein of rumen degradation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic potential of the hydroalcoholic extract of F. esculentum Moench seeds (ETM) in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in vitro and the antioxidant activity of ETM. Faeces from sheep presenting at least 2,000 eggs per gram of faeces were used. Hatchability and larvae migration tests were performed to evaluate the treatments ETM at concentrations of 0.625; 1.25; 2.5 and 5 mg mL-1 , negative and positive controls and DMSO control (0.75% + distilled water). The treatment means were compared by Tukey test at 5% of probability. Subsequently, the total content of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and antioxidant activity of ETM were determined. For the conditions evaluated in this study, it was possible to verify anthelmintic activity of ETM in both tests in vitro. The ETM inhibited 19.66% of hatching in concentration 1.25 mg mL-1 and 17.66% of larvae migration in the concentration of 5 mg mL-1. The anthelmintic activity may be due to condensed tannin content found (288.89 mg equivalent tannic acid per gram of extract). Antioxidant activity was observed at all concentrations, reaching 38.71% at 3 mg mL-1 with IC 50% = 3.83 mg mL-1 and 468.12 µM equivalent Trolox per gram of extract. At the same concentration to flavonoids and total polyphenols was observed respectively 31 mg equivalent rutin and 54.33 mg equivalent gallic acid per gram of extract. In addition to the direct effect of ETM on trichostrongylids of sheep, future research is also justified by the possibility of an indirect effect due to immune stimuli that protein diet provides on fostering in combating worms. It was concluded that it was possible to verify anthelmintic and antioxidant activity, demonstrating the potential of ETM in parasitological control of sheep.
ResumoO artigo se propõe a discutir a importância dos periódicos que circulavam na capital federal na segunda metade do século XIX: o Jornal do Commercio, O Apóstolo e o Reformador, para a inserção e divulgação da doutrina espírita, assim como os ataques e defesas lançadas a essa corrente religiosa. Nos discursos divergentes e com tons diferenciados, cada um dos grupos em discussão tinha um objetivo muito claro: transformar os seus discursos em mecanismos de compreensão e legitimação de suas ideias. E com discursos "legítimos", eles buscavam convencer o leitor de que os seus argumentos eram os mais coerentes, em contraposição aos argumentos do discurso do outro.Palavras-chave: Periódicos; Espiritismo; Criminalização.O artigo se propõe a discutir a importância dos periódicos que circulavam no Rio de Janeiro, na segunda metade do século XIX para a inserção, a divulgação, ataque e a defesa do espiritismo. Para tanto, três periódicos foram destacados para a discussão: o Jornal do Commercio, O Apóstolo (jornal católico) e o Reformador (revista espírita).
As abordagens em discussão de cada periódicoNo Jornal do Commercio as discussões acerca do espiritismo iniciaram com a divulgação dos fenômenos realizados pelos "ditos espíritos", nos Estados Unidos e na Europa, muito antes do início da codificação da doutrina espírita, em 1857, por Allan Kardec, na França.
Resistance to the therapies currently offered for melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma requires new research that seeks more effective therapeutic agents with less toxicity. The present study aimed to evaluate the antiproliferative, antitumor effects and the modulation of the mitochondrial electrical potential of the Acetate and Chloroform fractions and the sub-fractions Methanol, Ethanol, Dichloromethane and Ether, isolated from E. umbellata latex sap in murine melanoma cells (B16 -F10), hepatocellular carcinoma tumor cells (Hepa1c1c7) and normal fibroblast cells (FN1). The Acetate and Chloroform fractions showed significantly cytotoxic potential for tumor cells B16-F10 and Hepa1c1c7, in addition to the fractions being sensitive to the ether and methanol compounds. Such compounds promoted the reduction of cell confluence, the modulation of mitochondrial electrical potential, the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, and the release of pro-apoptotic mechanisms that resulted in the death of both tumor lines.
O código penal de 1890 considerou a prática do Espiritismo como um crime contra a saúde pública. Esse artigo analisa os escritos de João Baptista Pereira, autor do código, para investigar suas justificativas para a inclusão do Espiritismo enquanto crime. Além disto, analisamos os argumentos utilizados pelos espíritas solicitando a retirada da criminalização do Espiritismo sob a lei. Pereira possuía uma visão fortemente negativa do Espiritismo, recorrente à época, comparando-o à fraude, charlatanismo, crime, loucura e atraso intelectual, sendo um dever criminalizá-lo. Os espíritas que tentaram desconstruir esta visão não obtiveram êxito e o Espiritismo permaneceu incluído na lei.
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