Peanut production is a significant source of income for Chiapas, which is the country’s second largest producer. Jiquipilas is one of the producing municipalities of the state; however, its yield has decreased in the last four years (from 2.4 to 1.45 Mg ha‑1) probably due to the intensive management, propitiating the gradual deterioration of the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil (loss of fertility). In sandy loam soils, we evaluated the changes in said properties after addition of vermicompost and how these, in turn, affected crop yield. The study was conducted in a single crop cycle (2016), in a plot traditionally planted with peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) in the ejido of Jose Maria Pino Suarez, Jiquipilas, Chiapas. The vermicompost was made with agricultural residues of the region (manure, corn and peanut waste). We experimented with four different doses of vermicompost (300, 225, 150, and 75 g), which were complemented with agroecological management (without chemical inputs and incorporation of manually pulled and cut weeds between rows as dead cover). Soil with intensive management (application of fertilizers, insecticides, synthetic herbicides) and soil with agroecological management were considered as controls. The addition of vermicompost to the soil had a positive effect on physical properties (field capacity, real density and porous spaces); in terms of chemical properties, there were positive results in the availability of phosphorus, potassium, iron and manganese, as well as in the pH. Higher CO2 emissions were also obtained due to microbial activity. The emergence of plants and their flowering occurred in less time with vermicompost. Although there is a clear trend toward higher crop yield with the addition of vermicompost, there were no statistically significant differences.
RESUMENComo un primer acercamiento al conocimiento de los escarabajos melolóntidos de la región Frailesca de Chiapas, México, caracterizada por un ambiente original de bosque tropical caducifolio, en su mayor parte ahora reemplazado por grandes extensiones con producción agrícola y ganadera, se realizó la presente investigación en los ejidos de Francisco Villa, Cuauhtémoc, El Jardín y la ciudad de Villaflores, pertenecientes al municipio de Villaflores. En parcelas agrícolas se hicieron recolectas sistemáticas, diurnas y nocturnas, de escarabajos adultos durante los meses de mayo a septiembre de 2006. Se obtuvieron 6,780 ejemplares, que representan a cuatro subfamilias, ocho tribus, 17 géneros y 46 especies. Los géneros con mayor número de especies e individuos fueron Phyllophaga, Diplotaxis y Ligyrus; junto con los escarabajos de los géneros Cyclocephala, Anomala y Strigoderma cubren el 88.7 % de la abundancia total. Se incluye una lista actualizada de las 368 especies de Melolonthidae registradas en el estado de Chiapas. ABSTRACTA first approach to the knowledge of the Melolonthid beetles of the region Frailesca in the State of Chiapas, Mexico, is presented. Most part of the original tropical deciduous forest today is replaced by great extensions with agricultural and cattle production. Studied localities were Francisco Villa, Cuauhtémoc, El Jardín and the surrounds of Villaflores city, all from the municipality of Villaflores. Diurnal and nocturnal systematic collections of adult beetles were made in agricultural parcels during May to September, 2006, by mean of light traps, transects, and fruit traps We obtained 6,780 specimens that represent four subfamilies, eight tribes, 17 genera and 46 species. The genera with greatest number of species and individuals were P h y l l o p h a g a, D i p l o t a x i s and L i g y ru s; along with the species of the genera C y c l o c e p h a l a, A n o m a l a and S t r i g o d e r m a c o v e r 139 Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n.s.) 24(1): 139-168 (2008) Pacheco Flores et al.: Fauna de escarabajos melolóntidos (Coleoptera: Scarabeoidea) en Chiapas, México
The presence of Phyllophaga (Phytalus) rufotestacea (Moser, 1918) including some data on biology, behavior and hosts, is documented for the first time in Mexico based on material collected from an agricultural plot in
ResumenLa crisis del sistema milpero en San Juan de Las Nieves (SJN) está determinada por políticas orientadas a lograr la modernización del campo mexicano y así trascender de la agricultura campesina a la industrial. La agricultura campesina es un conjunto de conocimientos adquiridos por las familias durante sus experiencias en el campo. El tema de la agricultura es relevante porque en un mundo capitalista de alta dependencia industrial, la agricultura campesina es la base para un cambio radical de baja o nula dependencia. El propósito de esta investigación es identificar la crisis del sistema milpa en San Juan de Las Nieves en el periodo 1980-2013. Para analizar la crisis se recurrió al diálogo semiestructurado, recorridos de parcelas, diagramas, muestreos y observación participante. Los resultados indican los cambios en los usos de maíz, en la productividad y diversidad asociada. En 1980 había 17 diferentes usos que se le daban a la planta de maíz y sus granos y para 2013 solo nueve. En 2013 aumenta la producción de maíz, frijol y calabaza y se reduce la diversidad de arvenses. En el año 2000, al empezar a usar herbicidas, inició la erosión biológica y cultural, disminuyó el número de especies asociadas a la milpa y cambió la alimentación de las familias. En 2013, en las parcelas agrícolas se identificaron 30 arvenses con diferentes usos: medicinal, comestible, forrajero, doméstico y tipo plaga, que pertenece a 29 géneros, y 23 especies, y nueve especies de fauna edáfica. El organismo con mayor abundancia es la gallina ciega, pertenecen a la familia Melolonthidae con cinco subfamilias y 12 especies. Para 1980 existían 20 especies de fauna y hoy solo 14. Los campesinos están enfrentando un fenómeno de erosión cultural y de homogeneización de conocimiento, como producto de una globalización incontrolada, la cual intenta imponer la igualdad en vez de la diversidad.Palabras clave: agroquímicos, modernización, maíz, familia me'phaa, especies de milpa. The crisis of the milpa system: cultural and biological erosion in San Juan de Las Nieves, Malinaltepec, Guerrero, Mexico AbstractThe crisis of the milpero system (farming of traditional mixed-crop plots that are left fallow at intervals to recover fertility) in SJN arises from national policies that are intended to modernize rural Mexico, thereby transitioning from peasant to industrial agriculture. The former, which is based upon a body of knowledge acquired through generations of rural families' hands-on experience, is the basis for a radical move toward reducing or eliminating dependence upon inputs from the capitalists world's agro-industries. In the modern world, rural peasants are confronted with a combination of cultural erosion and homogenization resulting from uncontrolled globalization, which attempts to impose uniformity at the expense of diversity. The methods that we used to study the crisis in SJN included sampling, semi-structured dialogs, participant observation, and construction of diagrams. In this article, we present results showing changes that o...
Se describen los tres estadios larvarios y la pupa de Euphoria basalis (Gory & Percheron, 1833) con base en ejemplares recolectados en San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, México. Se incluyen ilustraciones diagnósticas y datos sobre el ciclo de vida y los hábitos de esta especie.
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