BackgroundThe present study sought to investigate the association between HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 genes and susceptibility or resistance to the different clinical manifestations of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in southern Brazil.MethodsThe sample consisted of 169 patients with a diagnosis of ACL and 270 healthy subjects for comparison. HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 were typed by PCR-SSO reverse dot blot.ResultsResults showed a trend towards susceptibility to cutaneous lesions for alleles HLA-DRB1*13 (P=0.0228; Pc=0.3420; OR=1.66; 95%CI=1.08 – 2.56), HLA-B*35 (P=0.0218; Pc=0.6758; OR=1.67; 95%CI=1.08 – 2.29) and HLA-B*44 (P=0.0290; Pc=0.8990; OR=1.67; 95%CI=1.05 – 2.64). Subjects with allele HLA-B*27 (P=0.0180; Pc=0.5580; OR=7.1111; 95%CI=1.7850 – 28.3286) tended towards susceptibility to mucocutaneous lesions, those with HLA-B*49 (P=0.0101; Pc=0.3131; OR=6.4000; 95%CI=1.8472 – 22.1743) to recurrent ACL, and HLA-B*52 (P=0.0044; Pc=0.1360; OR=12.61; 95%CI=3.08 – 51.66), to re-infection. Presence of HLA-B*45 (P=0.0107; Pc=0.3317) tended to provide protection against the cutaneous form of ACL. The most frequent haplotypes that may be associated with susceptibility to ACL were A*02 B*44 DRB1*07 (P = 0.0236) and A*24 B*35 DRB1*01 (P = 0.0236).ConclusionSome Class I and Class II HLA genes appear to contribute towards susceptibility to and protection against different clinical manifestations of ACL. Other genetic marker studies may contribute toward future prophylactic and therapeutic interventions in ACL.
Introduction: Genetic polymorphisms define the cytokine production leading to susceptibility or resistance to diseases. We studied the cytokine polymorphism in the development of tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL). Methods: Genotyping of TNF-α, TGF-β1, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10 were performed by polymerase chain reaction assay. Results: G and C alleles of TGF-β1 (codon 25) were the most common in controls and patients, respectively.
American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) shows a wide spectrum of clinical and immunopathological manifestations. The CCR5 chemokine receptor directs the immune response to a Th1 pattern and the mutant allele of this genotype (Δ32/Δ32) results in a less effective response, thus leading to a milder inflammation. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the CCR5 chemokine receptor in the pathogenesis of ACL in a population of Southern Brazil. The frequency of the genotypes and their association with ACL were studied in 111 patients and compared with 218 control subjects. Genotyping was performed using samples amplified by polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers (PCR‑SSP). The groups varied in chronological age (P<0.00001), but showed no differences in gender (P=0.0696) or ethnicity (P=0.2944). The frequency of the CCR5/Δ32 genotype did not differ between the patient and control groups (P=0.3009). The Δ32/Δ32 deletion was not observed in any individual involved in the study. The analysis of the genotypes observed no significant difference in the frequency of the CCR5/Δ32 genotype between the ACL and control groups, however the subgroup of patients with a recurrence of the lesion showed a higher frequency of the CCR5/Δ32 mutation (P=0.020), indicating a possible effect of this allele in the pathogenesis of ACL. Nevertheless, more studies are required to elucidate the role of CCR5 in the pathogenesis of ACL.
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a set of genes found on the short arm of chromosome 6. MHC molecules in human beings are known as human leukocyte antigens (HLA). HLA polymorphism can be determined by serological and molecular typing methods, which may yield discordant results. The present analysis performed HLA typing of samples with discordant results by PCR-SSP and PCR-SSO, so that typing discrepancies could be clarified. The cross-sectional study analyzed 33 samples from individuals included in an HLA-disease association study. Discrepant alleles were observed in 6 of 33 samples. Discordant samples were retyped using One Lambda Micro SSP™, Dynal RELI™ SSO and Luminex™ SSO assays for HLA class I (HLA-A, HLA-B) and class II (HLA-DRB1) molecules. The three methods produced concordant results after HLA retyping. Human error occurred in interpreting the initial results, which led to discrepancies in the results obtained. The participation of experienced professionals and the availability of at least two different methods to confirm doubtful or inconclusive results are mandatory for effective HLA typing.
RESUMO:O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender a vivência da família com adolescente usuário de álcool e substâncias psicoativas. Pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa realizada no período de julho a setembro de 2015. Participaram deste estudo, cinco familiares de usuários de crack e outras substâncias psicoativas. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas com questionário semiestruturados contendo questões abertas e fechadas. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo modalidade temática proposta por Minayo (2007). Os resultados demonstraram os prejuízos afetivos que o uso de drogas pelo adolescente traz para seus familiares, expressados por sentimentos de raiva, angustia, medo, preocupação. Além da sobrecarga de trabalho e cuidados expressa pelo adolescente. Diante disso, o estudo mostrou a necessidade de uma atenção voltada para o familiar do usuário de drogas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Família; Adolescentes; Drogas; Álcool; Crack. FAMILIAL EXPERIENCES IN ADOLESCENT DRUG USERS ABSTRACT:The familial experience with adolescent alcohol and drug users is investigated. Current descriptive and qualitative research was undertaken between July and September 2015. Five family members of crack and other psychoactive drugs users participated. Data were collected through half-structured interviews with open and closed questions. Content analysis, theme mode, proposed by Minayo (2007) was employed. Results reveal the affection liabilities to kin, expressed anger, angst, fear and concern, besides the overload of work and care. Current analysis demonstrated the need for more attention to family members of drug users. KEYWORDS: INTRODUÇÃOA família é o fator mais importante no processo de desenvolvimento dos seus entes queridos, com ela temos os primeiros contatos emocionais, comunicacionais e afetivos e a partir dela temos nossas primeiras relações sociais. O contexto familiar é considerado como um dos grandes fatores de risco ou proteção no envolvimento dos seus membros com o mundo das drogas (ZACHARIAS et al., 2011).O ambiente familiar apresenta vários elementos que podem atuar como um fator facilitador ao uso do crack, álcool, maconha e outras substâncias psicoativas sendo estes, a deficiência de suporte dos pais; a cultura familiar; o uso de drogas por algum familiar próximo; a presença de conflitos familiares, e a desinformação e desconhecimento familiar sobre o uso e abuso das drogas (SELEGHIM; OLIVEIRA, 2013). Em estudo realizado por Brusamarello et al. (2010), evidenciou-se que os pais relatam que durante o processo de educar os filhos, há grande insegurança e dificuldade, pois há necessidade de fatores como
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.