This review was based on updated research on how to use brewer’s spent grains (BSG). The use of BSG was considered both in food, as an ingredient or using value-added components derived from brewer’s spent grain, or in non-food products such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, construction, or food packaging. BSG is a valuable source of individual components due to its high nutritional value and low cost that is worth exploiting more to reduce food waste but also to improve human health and the environment. From the bioeconomy point of view, biological resources are transformed into bioenergetically viable and economically valuable products. The pretreatment stage of BSG biomass plays an important role in the efficiency of the extraction process and the yield obtained. The pretreatments presented in this review are both conventional and modern extraction methods, such as solvent extractions or microwave-assisted extractions, ultrasonic-assisted extractions, etc.

This study evaluated the effect of the addition of four different types of dietary fibers on the rheological, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of yogurt. The four types of fibers (inulin, pea, oat and wheat) were added in the yogurt formulation in different proportions (1%-2.5%) using classical technology adapted to laboratory conditions. The obtained results showed that, the most viscous samples were obtained with wheat fibers addition (1% and 1.5%), while the best viscous characteristics were obtained for the samples with oat fibers addition (2% and 2.5%). The lowest syneresis value (38.86 ± 0.2) were observed for the samples with 1.5% pea fibers addition. Yogurt samples with the highest acceptance scores were samples with 2% wheat fibers and respectively with 2.5% pea fibers addition. All the tested fibers were compatible with the yogurt-manufacturing process. Therefore, the fibers addition in yogurt could be considered an alternative to incorporate dietary fibers in the human diet.Valoración cualitativa de yogurt enriquecido con distintos tipos de fibra RESUMEN El presente estudio se propuso evaluar los efectos que provoca la adición de cuatro tipos distintos de fibras alimenticias en las características reológicas, fisicoquímicas y sensoriales del yogurt. Así, utilizando tecnologías clásicas adaptadas a las condiciones de laboratorio se agregaron distintas proporciones (1%-2.5%) de cuatro tipos de fibra -inulina, arveja [guisante], avena y trigo-durante la formulación del yogurt. Los resultados obtenidos indican que las muestras más viscosas se consiguieron con la adición de fibras de trigo (1% y 1.5%), mientras que la adición de fibras de avena (2% y 2.5%) produjo las mejores características de viscosidad. El valor de sinéresis más bajo (38.86±0.2) se observó en las muestras en que se adicionó 1.5% de fibras de arveja. La puntuación de aceptación más elevada se obtuvo en las muestras de yogurt adicionadas con 2% de fibras de trigo y 2.5% de fibras de arveja. Todas las fibras evaluadas son compatibles con el proceso de elaboración del yogurt. Por lo que, se concluye que la adición de fibras en el yogurt puede considerarse como una alternativa para incorporar fibras alimenticias en la dieta humana. ARTICLE HISTORY

e milk and yogurt products assortment has expanded by their enhancement with herb extracts, bres extracted from byproducts of the fruit processing industry and also fresh spices. e aim of the present study was to test to what extent the addition of di erent herb extracts in yogurt will improve its qualitative characteristics and antioxidant activity. e aqueous extracts obtained from the four plants are considered in this study, respectively, thistle (Silybum marianum L.), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), sage (Salvia o cinalis L.), and marjoram (Origanum vulgare L.). It was examined the e ect of aqueous extracts prepared from four herbs (0.25/1%) (w/w) on yogurt's qualitative characteristics (pH, titratable acidity, syneresis, water holding capacity, antioxidant activity, colour parameters, and rheological parameters) on both one day and 28 days after preparation. e nal results show that the physicochemical and rheological properties of the yoghurt with herb extracts addition were improved compared to the control sample after 28 days of storage. e best results in terms of antioxidant properties were obtained when marjoram extract (Origanum vulgare L.) was incorporated. According to the data obtained, the best quality in terms of the physicochemical and rheological properties were in the case of the sample with 0.5% thistle extract (Silybum marianum L.) addition, while from point of view of the nutritional value, the best quality was in the case of the sample with 1% marjoram extract (Origanum vulgare L.) addition. e present study leads to the conclusion that yogurts enhanced with natural extracts may serve as functional food products, with signi cant health bene ts.

Brewing is among the oldest biotechnological processes, in which barley malt and—to a lesser extent—wheat malt are used as conventional raw materials. Worldwide, 85–90% of beer production is now produced with adjuvants, with wide variations on different continents. This review proposes the use of two other cereals as raw materials in the manufacture of beer, corn and sorghum, highlighting the advantages it recommends in this regard and the disadvantages, so that they are removed in technological practice. The use of these cereals as adjuvants in brewing has been known for a long time. Recently, research has intensified regarding the use of these cereals (including in the malted form) to obtain new assortments of beer from 100% corn malt or 100% sorghum malt. There is also great interest in obtaining gluten-free beer assortments, new nonalcoholic or low-alcohol beer assortments, and beers with an increased shelf life, by complying with current food safety regulations, under which maize and sorghum can be used in manufacturing recipes.

Acrylamide is a contaminant as defined in Council Regulation (EEC) No 315/93 and as such, it is considered a chemical hazard in the food chain. The toxicity of acrylamide has been acknowledged since 2002, among its toxicological effects on humans being neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and reproductive toxicity. Acrylamide has been classified as carcinogenic in the 2A group, with human exposure leading to progressive degeneration of the peripheral and central nervous systems characterized by cognitive and motor abnormalities. Bakery products (bread, crispbread, cakes, batter, breakfast cereals, biscuits, pies, etc.) are some of the major sources of dietary acrylamide. The review focuses on the levels of acrylamide in foods products, in particular bakery ones, and the risk that resulting dietary intake of acrylamide has on human health. The evolving legislative situation regarding the acrylamide content from foodstuffs, especially bakery ones, in the European Union is discussed underlining different measures that food producers must take in order to comply with the current regulations regarding the acrylamide levels in their products. Different approaches to reduce the acrylamide level in bakery products such as the use of asparginase, calcium salts, antioxidants, acids and their salts, etc., are described in detail.