Danzas chuscas are parodic dances performed in indigenous and mestizo villages throughout Mexico. In the village of Yalálag, a Zapotec indigenous village in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, danzas chuscas are performed during religious celebrations, a time when many Yalaltecos (people from Yalálag) who have immigrated to Los Angeles return to visit their families. Since the late 1980s, these immigrants have become the subject of the dances. Yalaltecos humorously represent those who have adopted “American” behaviors or those who have remitted negative values and behaviors from inner-city neighborhoods of Los Angeles to Yalálag. Danzas chuscas such as “Los Mojados” (“The Wetbacks”), “Los Cocineros” (“The Cooks”), and “Los Cholos” (“Los Angeles Gangsters”) comically portray the roles that Yalaltec immigrants have come to play in the United States. Danzas chuscas such as “Los Norteños” (“The Northerners”), “Los Turistas” (“The Tourists”), and “El Regreso de los Mojados” (“The Return of the Wetbacks”) characterize Yalaltec immigrants as outsiders and visitors. And the choreography in dances like “Los Yalaltecos” (“The Residents of Yalálag”) and “Las Minifaldas” (“The Miniskirts”) reflect changes in these immigrants' social status, gender behaviors, and class position. In other words, these dances embody the impact of migration on social, economic, and cultural levels. Through physical humor immigrants and nonimmigrants confront the tensions and uncertainties stemming from Zapotec migration into the United States: community social disorganization, social instability, and changes in the meaning of group identity as it relates to gender, class, ethnicity, and culture.
This article examines the migration of Yucatec Mayas to the United States since the late 1980s, focusing especially on gender differences, in order to analyze different migratory, work, and social integration patterns in the destination country. The author's findings indicate that Yucatec Maya men arrived in California for economic reasons, while the majority of the women went after being married or for family reunification. She also notes that Yucatec Maya immigrants have integrated socially and economically into the United States at the same time that they have negotiated gender-based changes within the family and simultaneously preserved certain values and family unity.
Improving access to health care for undocumented immigrants in the United States.
Este artículo discute el impacto de la migración internacional en la población adulta mayor en Yucatán. Se presentan cinco estudios de caso de veintitrés entrevistas a profundidad realizadas a familias transnacionales. En este estudio encontramos que los padres y madres envejecidos que tienen hijos emigrados en California desarrollan un sentido de bienestar y calidad de vida positivo con base en el sostenimiento de redes familiares transnacionales e intergeneracionales, los trabajos del cuidado realizados por la parentela local, y el envío de remesas para el mejoramiento del patrimonio familiar. El análisis de las redes comunitarias y el activismo grupal transnacional, en beneficio de los adultos mayores que no tienen hijos emigrados internacionales, revela grandes desigualdades sociales y económicas entre una parte de la población adulta mayor que tienen hijos emigrados en California y otra que no.
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