The two basic forms of autoimmune intraepidermal blistering diseases, pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF), affect different layers of the skin, have different symptoms and target different antigens. We have defined human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1-DQB1 alleles and haplotypes in a case-control study of 66 non-Jewish patients attending a public reference Hospital over the past 10 years. The control group consisted of 101 matched individuals tested also by medium to high-resolution polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific oligonucleotide with primers and probes from the 12th and 13th International Histocompatibility Workshop. Patients and controls were descendants of three-generation individuals born in the country. Among the patients, 49 had PV, 50% showed predominantly mucosal involvement, 50% showed predominantly the cutaneous clinical phenotype and 17 had PF. Statistically significant HLA-DR frequency differences between patients with PV and controls were found only for DRB1*0402 and DRB1*1401 [odds ratio (OR) = 27.22, confidence interval (CI) 94.7-7.82, P= 1.1 x 10(-14) and OR = 46.56, CI 801.4-2.70 P= 7.5 x 10(-6), respectively]. Both alleles were also increased in the patients with PF compared with the controls (OR = 7.0, P= 0.038 and OR = 21.64, P= 0.009, respectively), but the significance of the difference did not resist Bonferroni correction. Haplotype analysis showed that DRB1*0402 was always present with DQB1*0302 and DRB1*1401 with DQB1*0503, but no independent effect of the DQB1*0302 in the former haplotype was evident. Our results support the hypothesis that the DRB1*0402 without DQB1*0302 is the most relevant HLA-DRB1 allele responsible for the pathogenesis of pemphigus in Venezuelan patients with PV and discard the DQB1*0302 influence observed in other populations.
Tetracycline was shown to be effective as an adjuvant therapy for pemphigus with low toxicity and safety.
Few cases have been published relating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and pemphigus vulgaris (PV). We describe a patient with this association. A 35-year old woman who started to develop persistent pain and morning stiffness of proximal inter and metacarpo-phalangeal joints. During the following year, the patient recalled the onset of blisters on both legs, face, arms and thorax, as well as erosions appearing on oral mucous membranes. We observed generalized multiple erosions on her trunk and legs, flaccid bullae located on her right thigh and multiple erosions on oral mucous membranes. A skin biopsy reported PV Direct immunofluorescence on the perilesional skin specimen, showed beehive intercellular IgG deposits in the epidermis (+++), suggesting PV; granular discontinuous IgM and C3 deposits in the dermal-epidermal union (+++), suggesting SLE. Direct immunofluorescence of the healthy unexposed skin specimen, reported granular discontinuous IgG deposits in the dermal-epidermal union and beehive intercellular IgG deposits in the lower levels of the epidermis (+++); granular continuous IgM deposits in the dermal-epidermal union (+++). The results of rheumatic studies were obtained as follows: ANA :3 +, Anti-DNA, Anti-Sm, Anti-Ro and Anti-La :4 + . The definite diagnosis was PVand SLE. Treatment with 50 mg of prednisone daily with good evolution.
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