The role of dietary fatty acids on cancer is still controversial. To examine the current literature on the protective role of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and marine long-chain fatty acids [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] and the risk of breast and prostate cancer, data from 41 case-control and cohort studies and relevant in vitro and animal experiments were included in this 2000-2010 revision. Epidemiological studies on CLA intake or its tissue concentration related to breast and prostate tumorigenesis are not conclusive; EPA and DHA intake have shown important inverse associations just in some studies. Additional research on the analysed association is required.
The Interfood v. 1.3 software program was developed to process nutrition information and generate data on dietary intakes--in terms of food, nutrients, and phytochemical substances--valid for conducting studies on nutrition and epidemiology. The program has three basic components: the dietary intake frequency questionnaire CFCA); a database of common foods and their composition of 131 possible substances (macro- and micronutrients and phytochemicals); and a relational database that links the CFCA data with the food database. In this manner, the Interfood software program calculates the amount of food, nutrients, and phytochemical substances consumed by an individual daily, weekly, and monthly. Interfood is an open-source program; as such, the database can be modified and updated according to study requirements. This program has already proven useful to various studies of nutrition and epidemiology.
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