-We describe five patients with Schwartz-Jampel syndrome (SJS) examined at the outpatient service for neuromuscular disorders at our Institution from 1996 to 1999 with the objective of emphasizing the characteristic dysmorphic phenotype of SJS and its different clinical forms. Two cases presented SJS-type 1A, two had SJS-type 1B and one manifested SJS-type 2. Two boys with 3 and 13 years of age had generalized stiffness and the characteristic facial as well as osteoarticular changes from birth. Other two boys with 11 and 7 years had less marked dysmorphic changes at birth and manifested myotonia, as a limiting factor, during the second year of age. A girl with two months of age had severe myotonia from birth leading to feeding diffuculties. In all cases the diagnosis was based on dysmorphic features, and on electromyographic changes showing continuous electrical activity of muscle fibers. All were treated with carbamazepine, 20-30 mg/Kg since diagnosis. The four boys (all with normal intelligence) improved of myotonia in daily activities, markedly in three, and moderately in one. The girl did not improve and showed global development delay: by the last follow-up (at 20 months of age) she did not sit unsupported, and had mental retardation. Carbamazepine in SJS-type 1 improves general daily performance and psychological status of the patients.KEY WORDS: Schwartz-Jampel syndrome, myotonia, carbamazepine. Síndrome de Schwartz-Jampel: relato de cinco casosRESUMO -Descrevemos cinco pacientes com a síndrome de Schwartz-Jampel (SSJ) avaliados no Ambulatório de Doenças Neuromusculares da Divisão de Neurologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, de 1996 a 1999, com o objetivo de salientar o peculiar fenótipo dismórfico e as diferentes formas clínicas da SSJ. Dois meninos apresentavam SSJ-tipo 1A, mais branda e mais tardia, dois outros meninos apresentavam SSJ-tipo1B, de início mais precoce e dismorfismos mais limitantes, e uma menina apresentava SSJ-tipo 2, forma neonatal, com grave comprometimento, inclusive da sucção. Em todos, o diagnóstico foi baseado nos aspectos clínicos dismórficos, tanto faciais como esqueléticos, e no encontro de anormalidade eletromiográfica caracterizada como atividade elétrica contínua da fibra muscular. Todos receberam carbamazepina, em doses anticonvulsivantes de 20 a 30 mg/Kg, desde a realização da eletromiografia, que foi mantida nas consultas de seguimento, após períodos variando de 15 meses a 4 anos. Os quatro meninos, todos frequentando escola, apresentaram atenuação da síndrome miotônica; esta atenuação foi acentuada em três, notando-se nítida melhora da postura anormal, e moderada em um, que refere menor limitação nas atividades da vida diária. O quadro da menina com SSJ-tipo 2 não se modificou e a paciente manifestou retardo global do desenvolvimento, não tendo adquirido a marcha nem a linguagem por ocasião da última avaliação aos 20 meses de idade. A boa resposta dos sintomas à carbamazepina na SSJ-tipo 1 deve ser enfatizada, poi...
A heterogeneous group of patients with congenital muscular dystrophy associated with clinical or radiologic central nervous system involvement other than the severe classic form with merosin deficiency, muscle-eye-brain disease, and Walker-Warburg syndrome is described. A probable hereditary or familial occurrence could be suggested in all patients. One merosin-positive patient presented severe motor incapacity and cerebral atrophy without any clinical manifestation of central nervous system involvement. A second patient, also merosin-positive, had moderate motor and mental handicap, and epilepsy with no changes in neuroimaging. A third patient, found to have partial merosin deficiency by muscle biopsy, manifested severe psychomotor retardation and cerebral atrophy with foci of abnormal white-matter signal on magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, two merosin-positive siblings with microcephaly, mental retardation, and an incapacitating progressive neuromuscular course, exhibited cataracts without defects of neuronal migration or brain malformation. This report emphasizes the broad clinical spectrum and heterogeneity of merosin-positive congenital muscular dystrophy with associated central nervous system involvement, and illustrates the importance of further studies on clinical, immunohistochemical, and genetic grounds for identifying new subsets of congenital muscular dystrophy.
-Objective and Method: To review the clinical and neuropathological findings as well as the type of therapy and outcome in 20 infants under 3 years-old with central nervous system (CNS) tumor. They were treated at the Department of Neurology, "Hospital das Clínicas" University of São Paulo Medical School, from January 1997 to May 2001. Results: Astrocytoma was the most common histological type (n=7), followed by ependymoma (n=3), medulloblastoma (n=2), craniopharyngioma (n=2) and desmoplastic ganglioglioma (n=2). The location of the tumor was predominantly supratentorial. Mean follow-up time was 20.2 months with recurrence in 7 cases. For each type of tumor we have emphasized the treatment currently recommended. Conclusion: Although follow-up time is not sufficient for analyzing survival, a trend of improvement in prognosis was noted, compared to another series of cases from our Institution that had been evaluated before 1990.KEY WORDS: brain tumors, children, central nervous system tumors, neuro-oncology treatment. Tumores do sistema nervoso central nos primeiros três anos de vida: revisão de vinte casosRESUMO -Objetivo e Método: Avaliar os aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos, o tipo de tratamento e a evolução de 20 crianças menores de três anos de idade, com o diagnóstico de tumor de sistema nervoso central, que foram tratadas em nossa Instituição no período de janeiro de 1997 a maio de 2001. Resultados: O astrocitoma foi o tumor mais comum (n=7), seguido pelo ependimoma (n=3), meduloblastoma (n=2), craniofaringioma (n=2) e ganglioglioma desmoplásico infantil (n=2). A localização do tumor foi predominantemente supratentorial. A média de seguimento foi 20,2 meses e houve recidiva em sete casos. Para cada tipo de tumor enfatizamos o tipo de tratamento recomendado na atualidade. Conclusão: Embora o tempo de seguimento não seja suficiente, ainda, para analisar a sobrevida, foi notada nítida tendência a melhor prognóstico em comparação com a casuística proviniente de nossa Instituição que analisou casos abordados antes da década de 90. SP -Brasil. E-mail: adrianaespindola@uol.com.br Nearly 8 to 20% of central nervous system (CNS) tumors occur in children under three years of age 1 . The prognosis is usually poor 2 due to diffi culties in surgical technique, the malignant histology most of these tumors and the impossibility of treating with radiotherapy 3,4 . The rate of survival is low, around 20 to 40% 4,5 ; however, after 1980, some institutions have obtained better rates of prognosis, reporting 56% of survival at 5 years and normal neurological development after treatment in 50% of the patients 6-8 . In small infants the most common histological types are ependymoma, medulloblastoma, choroid plexus papilloma, astrocytoma and teratoma. Supratentorial tumors are almost twice as frequent, particularly in the fi rst year of life 9,10 . PALAVRAS-CHAVE Dra. Adriana Ávila de Espíndola -Avenida Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 255 / 5º andar / sala 5031 -05403-000 São PauloClinical signs and symptoms are usua...
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