A B S T R A C TThe aim of this study was to evaluate, through mycorrhization (root colonization and number of spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi -AMF), leaf acid phosphatase and soil chemical characteristics, the effects of the addition of residues (macrophytes and ash), hydrogel and the reintroduction of microorganisms in a degraded area cultivated with jatropha. Degradation occurred when the surface soil was removed during the construction of a hydroelectric power plant. The experiment was set in a randomized block design, using a 2 x 2 x 4 factorial scheme, i.e., two inoculation treatments (with and without soil-inoculum), two hydrogel treatments (with and without) and four with the addition of residues (macrophytes -MAC, ash, MAC + ash and control, without residues) applied in the planting hole, with 4 replicates and 5 plants in each replicate. Soil from preserved Cerrado area was used as a source of microorganisms, including AMF. The conclusion is that, after 12 months of planting, the hydrogel increased root colonization, while the chemical characteristics of the degraded soil responded positively to the addition of MAC and MAC + ash, with increase in pH and SB and reduction of Al and H + Al. The addition of the soil-inoculum, along with MAC and MAC + ash, promoted higher mycorrhizal colonization and number of spores and reduced amounts of leaf acid phosphatase, indicating increased absorption of P by the host.Adição dos resíduos e reintrodução de micro-organismos no cultivo do pinhão-manso em área degradada R E S U M O O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar, por meio da micorrização (colonização e número de esporos de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares -FMA), da fosfatase ácida foliar e das características químicas do solo, os efeitos da adição de resíduos (macrófitas e cinza), de hidrogel e da reintrodução de micro-organismos em área degradada, cultivada com pinhão-manso. A degradação ocorreu quando o solo de superfície foi removido durante a construção da usina hidroelétrica. O delineamento experimental foi blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 4, ou seja, 2 tratamentos de inoculação (com e sem solo-inóculo), 2 com hidrogel (com e sem) e 4 com adição de resíduos (macrófitas -MAC, cinza -CNZ, MAC + CNZ e controle sem resíduos) colocados na cova de plantio, com 4 repetições e 5 plantas por repetição. Solo de cerrado preservado foi utilizado como fonte de microorganismos incluindo FMA. Conclui-se que, aos 12 meses do plantio, o hidrogel elevou a colonização radicular enquanto as características químicas do solo degradado responderam positivamente à adição de MAC e de MAC + CNZ, com aumento do pH e SB e redução de Al e H + Al. A adição de solo-inóculo proporcionou, juntamente com os MAC e MAC + CNZ, maior colonização e número de esporos micorrízica e reduziu os valores da fosfatase ácida indicando maior absorção de P pelo hospedeiro.
Revegetation of exposed sub-soil, while a desirable strategy in the recovery processes, often fails due to extreme soil chemical properties, such as low organic matter and pH levels inhospitable to biological activities such as nutrients cycling and plant establishment. This is the case for approximately 800 ha of the Cerrado biome in Brazil, where erecting the embankment of a hydroelectric dam in the 1960’s stripped vegetation, soil, and subsoil layers thereby distorting the soil properties. This work evaluates the effectiveness of restoration management (RM) treatments, to restore the soil quality, including biological activity and chemical attributes. In a factorial scheme, RM treatments include the addition of organic residue from aquatic macrophytes (AM) at 3 rates (0, 16 and 32 t ha-1), combined with ash from sugar cane bagasse of agroindustrial origin (BA) at 4 rates (0, 15, 30 and 45 t ha-1). RM samples contrasted samples collected from undisturbed Cerrado (CER) as well as a degraded area without intervention (DAWI). The mechanized RM plots received amendments and reforestation of 10 Cerrado native tree species. After 5 years, vegetation covered up to 60% of the surface in RM treatments receiving AM32 + BA45. AM and BA residues promoted height increases in the introduced plants. All RM treatments promoted lower levels of Al3+ than DAWI and CER. The combination of AM32 over the rates of incorporated ash increased soil pH and K values similarly to CER. Microbial-related variables, such as microbial biomass-C was the largest in CER, followed by the RM treatments, and the lowest in DAWI. The microbial quotient was no different between CER and RM treatments. The addition of residues such as AM and BA increased the vegetation covered, improved chemical and microbiological indicators. Thus, the residues used aided the recovery process of intensely degraded soils in the Cerrado area.
The Modern agriculture requires cost-effective techniques to produce food and raw materials without degrading the environment. In order to achieve this objective it is essential to optimize the soil and the water use and to preserve water and organic carbon. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the plant cover's influence on the concentration of organic carbon and water infiltration in the soil. The experiment was conducted in the Brazilian's Cerrado, in the city of Três Lagoas, in the of Mato Grosso do Sul State, characterized by the Aw climate (hot and humid, with a dry winter season), average temperature of 24,2°C and average precipitation of 1240mm. This region has been widely cultivated with eucalyptus and pastures. Infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration assessments were performed with the mini disk infiltrometer. Density and porosity in undisturbed soil samples, and organic carbon content were determined from 0.0 to 0.30m deep. The experimental design was randomized and consisted of four treatments (Cerrado-C, Eucalyptus 02 years-EU2, Eucalyptus 15 years-EU15 and Pasture-P), which evaluations were conducted in a grid of 36 points, divided into 4 blocks with 9 replications, per treatment. We compared the four analyzed areas. The Cerrado, which is a preserved area, presented higher infiltration rate (ŷ (C)=-2800ln (x) +8,623.9; R²=0.9465), higher organic carbon content (9.5 g dm -³), lower density (1.26 g cm ³), and higher total porosity (47.90%). Whereas the Eucalyptus (both 2 and 15 years) and Pasture's areas showed similar behavior, characterized by lower infiltration rates (ŷ(EU2)=-362.5ln(x)+1,051.6; R²=0.9772, ŷ(EU15)=-180.6ln(x)+523.59; R²=0.9064 e ŷ(P)=-429.37ln(x)+757.67; R²=0.9237), lower organic carbon 1 Mestranda em Agronomia, UNESP, Ilha Solteira -São Paulo.ALVES, M.C.; CABENA, M.S.V. Infiltração de água em um Podzólico Vermelho-Escuro sob dois métodos de preparo, usando-se chuva simulada com duas intensidades. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, Viçosa, V.23, p.753-761, 1999. ALVES SOBRINHO, T.; VITORINO, A.C.T.; SOUZA, L.C.F.; GONÇALVEZ, M.C.;CARVALHO, D.F. Infiltração de água no solo em sistemas de plantio direto e convencional.
RESUMO:A agricultura moderna deve se fundamentar na sustentabilidade dos recursos naturais, bem como na otimização do uso do solo e da água. Medidas de velocidade de infiltração e infiltração acumulada de água refletem as condições de estrutura, densidade, porosidade, entre outros atributos do solo, os quais são influenciados pelo manejo. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a influência do uso do solo sobre a infiltração de água em Latossolo Vermelho, da Região Centro-Oeste. Os trabalhos de campo foram realizados em Três Lagoas-MS, em área da Fibria. Esta se caracteriza por apresentar o Cerrado como vegetação natural, clima do tipo Aw, com precipitação e temperatura média anual de 1240 mm e 24,2°C, respectivamente, onde plantações de eucalipto vêm sendo introduzidas em pastagens degradadas, caso da área em estudo. Nestas áreas, Cerrado Natural, Eucalipto com 2 e 15 anos, foram avaliadas a velocidade de infiltração e infiltração acumulada de água no solo (mini infiltrômetro de disco), densidade, porosidade e resistência a penetração. O delineamento experimental, inteiramente casualizado, constou de três tratamentos (Cerrado-C, Eucalipto 2 anos-EU2, Eucalipto 15 anos-EU15). As avaliações foram conduzidas em malha de 36 pontos, subdividida em 4 blocos, com 9 repetições, por tratamento. Os resultados mostram que o cerrado apresentou maior velocidade de infiltração (ŷ(C)=-2,800ln(x)+8,623.9; R²=0,9465), do que eucalipto com 2 e 15 anos (ŷ(EU2)=-362,5ln(x)+1051,6; R²=0,9772 e ŷ(EU15)=-180,6ln(x)+523,59; R²=0,9064). Evidenciando a eficiência do cerrado sobre a infiltração de água no solo, por tratar-se de área preservada, enquanto as áreas cultivadas comercialmente com eucalipto apresentaram maiores valores para densidade do solo e resistência a penetração. Esse resultado mostrou que o eucalipto, com 2 e 15 anos de cultivo,
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