A new diagnosis of Endonura Cassagnau, 1979 is given. E. dudichi (Loksa, 1967) comb. nov., E. incolorata (Stach, 1951) comb. nov., E. lusatica (Dunger, 1966) comb. nov. and E. tatricola (Stach, 1951) are redescribed based on type and new material from Poland, Ukraine, Hungary and Slovakia. Lectotypes of E. incolorata and E. tatricola are designated. Endonura szeptyckii (Weiner, 1973) is synonymized with E. tatricola. Data of occurrence, ecological preferences, variability and morphology of the first instar of the species are provided. New morphological characters with associated nomenclature are proposed.
The ''Wallacean shortfall''-lack of distributional information-is one of the main problems when trying to assess the threats to and planning conservation strategies for many invertebrate species. Based on published and unpublished records since 1840, as well as on our own field survey, we attempted to estimate if and to what extent the use of pheromone traps increased the detectability of a rare, saproxylic click beetle Elater ferrugineus. The significant increase in the number of records in [2011][2012][2013] shows that the pheromone method made it much easier to detect the occurrence of the species. Advantages of the pheromone method are that it does not disturb the habitat, can be used by non-specialists, is less costly and less time-consuming, and thus providing a useful tool for conservation research (studying biology, ecology and genetics of local populations).
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