The main objective of this paper is to highlight the importance of core competences as an important catalyst to enable a sustainable transition of business models to Industry 5.0. According to our research based on a scientific methodology, we illustrated that Industry 4.0 might greatly affect the labor market by introducing ITC, AI, IR and AR that will change many jobs in most areas of activity. One alternative solution to diminish these negative effects is to accommodate and prepare the shift to a more human-centric approach. In order to better implement this alternative solution and to generate mid- to long-run positive effects (from an economic, social and environmental perspective), we consider it is imperative that human resources be prepared to understand and to use new technologies. We have focused our research context on European countries. We found that only a part of the European Union Member Countries benefit from the use of human resources with advanced digital skills. Under these circumstances, we consider that only some countries will be able to face the challenges generated by the transition to Industry 5.0, while others, the emergent countries, such as Romania, will have to intensify the complex process of designing competitive and coherent strategies and implement a more efficient and effective mix of policies. This will help to better capitalize the potential sustainable competitive advantage of industries 4.0 and 5.0.
The main goal of this scientific research is to examine the role of new information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the sustainable development of smart cities. Thus, we have used descriptive analysis and critical comparative analysis in order to highlight the impact of the new generation of 5G technologies on the smart development of the main areas that form the structure of a city. The main results of this scientific article have shown that the benefits of integrating 5G technology are decisive for the smart, inclusive and longterm development of a city as a whole, but in order to sustainably benefit from these, it is imperative that cities / states create an efficient implementation framework in terms of technological infrastructure, human capital, innovation, internal regulations and users.
The main objective of this research is to estimate the degree of real convergence of the countries that joined the European Union between 2004–2013 as an essential precondition for sustainable accession to the Euro Area. Through this study, we tried to create a clear, real and comparative image for the downward trend in the dispersion of the GDP/capita and the speed by which countries with different integration stages achieve the real economic convergence to equilibrium level. In this respect, we tested real convergence by regression models. Further, in order to verify the robustness of the results we applied a cluster analysis. The main results show that non-Euro Area countries have a tendency to individually reduce income disparities with the Euro Area average, but do not register a convergent economic growth and do not form a homogeneous convergence cluster, unlike the newer Euro Area Member Countries. Another representative result is that the Czech Republic seems to be the best prepared country to adopt the single currency in a sustainable way, while Bulgaria is at the opposite pole.
This scientific article represents an empirical research on the smart and sustainable development of Romania after the accession to the European Union. The main objective is to determine the current state of smart development of the four macro-regions of our country and to identify possible solutions for improving the performance and reducing the gaps. The research methodology applied in this case is based on critical comparative analysis, and statistical data. The results from the first part of the research shows, on the one hand, that between the macro-regions of the country there are gaps in terms of smart and sustainable development, and the highest performances are registered at the level of Macroregion three. On the other hand, the results show large gaps with Austria (performer in the smart development) with most of the dimensions characteristic of the smart regions / cities considered by us in this research. The results of the second part of the research demonstrates that the level of competitiveness has a decisive role in supporting the process of smart development and reducing gaps at national and international level, and stimulating innovation is essential for achieving the goal of smart, sustainable and inclusive long-term development.
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