This study uses higher-order dynamic mode decomposition to analyze a high-fidelity database of the turbulent flow in an urban environment consisting of two buildings separated by a certain distance. We recognize the characteristics of the well-known arch vortex forming on the leeward side of the first building and document this vortex's generation and destruction mechanisms based on the resulting temporal modes. We show that the arch vortex plays a prominent role in the dispersion of pollutants in urban environments, where its generation leads to an increase in their concentration; therefore, the reported mechanisms are of extreme importance for urban sustainability.
In this paper, we present a general description of the flow structures inside a two-dimensional Food and Drug Administration (FDA) nozzle. To this aim, we have performed numerical simulations using the numerical code Nek5000. The topology patters of the solution obtained, identify four different flow regimes when the flow is steady, where the symmetry of the flow breaks down. An additional case has been studied at higher Reynolds number, when the flow is unsteady, finding a vortex street distributed along the expansion pipe of the geometry. Linear stability analysis identifies the evolution of two steady and two unsteady modes. The results obtained have been connected with the changes in the topology of the flow. Finally, higher-order dynamic mode decomposition has been applied to identify the main flow structures in the unsteady flow inside the FDA nozzle. The highest-amplitude dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) modes identified by the method model the vortex street in the expansion of the geometry.
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