Liners hangers are used in deep drilling operations to eliminate the need to run full strings of casing. Unlike regular casings that are installed back to surface; liners will be terminated downhole at a hang-off point in the last casing. Deploying liner hangers can be very difficult, depending on the wellbore conditions. In many scenarios, the bottomhole assembly (BHA) must be rotated and/or reciprocated in order to set the BHA at the target depth, and conventional liner hanger systems often do not permit tool rotation due to the complex design. Liner-hanger failures ultimately can be the cause for losing the wellbore or a section of the wellbore, which in turn, will result in additional well construction costs to sidetrack and drill another section through the production zone. This paper will discuss the use of an expandable liner hanger that has a less complicated design that withstands aggressive reaming as well as drilling to depth. This expandable system has no external moving parts such as slips, hydraulic-setting cylinders or separate liner-top packers, which are used in conventional liners. These attributes help mitigate the risks associated with the deployment exercise and the complexity of the completion. PDVSA embraced this technology to help them optimize operations in their deep wells in which extreme environments, often close to 300°F, with deviations greater than 60 degrees and setting depths of more that 12,000 feet are encountered. The benefits that have been gain by adopting this technology are:Optimized capital expenditureOptimized rig-time efficiency (reduced NPT)Avoidance of costly redundant conditioning trips, hanger damage, and premature settingElimination of external moving parts on hanger assembly (reduced complexity)Reduced rig timeImproved reliability and fluid flowNo slip damage to supporting casing Case histories that compare the traditional and expandable liner hanger systems and verify the advantages stated above are presented. Introduction The two case history wells discussed in this paper are located in the state of Barinas and Apure in Southern Venezuela (Figure 1). Using expandable liner hangers in Barinas and Apure have provided two very important functions in the well construction process. The first function was to support the weight of the liner, and the second was to provide a positive seal on setting that would isolate pressure differentials between the wellbore section above the liner hanger and the wellbore section below the liner hanger. A common problem in the industry concerns the fact that failure of conventional hangers normally occurs during the deployment of the liner or during the setting process, which can be due to a variety of reasons:Cement integrity at the liner top (Agnew, et al, 1084)Premature setting of the liner hangerInability to reach target depthProblems with conventional tools (darts, plugs, setting tools, etc.).
Las extensas playas localizadas cerca de la frontera México-E.U.A. juegan un papel importante en la economía del municipio de Playas de Rosarito, México. Durante el invierno de 1998, se observó una intensa erosión de las playas de la localidad como resultado de un régimen de oleaje muy energético asociado al evento de El Niño (ENSO) en combinación con altos niveles de marea. La severidad de estas condiciones causó inundaciones y destrucción de varias residencias ubicadas en la posplaya y las capacidades recreacionales y de protección de la playa disminuyeron significativamente. Mediante la comparación de los perfiles de playa se observó que el máximo volumen de arena removido de la playa subaérea fue de 66.9x10-3 m3/m/día y un retroceso promedio de la berma de 2.3 m/día. El desplazamiento máximo hacia tierra de la berma durante el período en estudio fue de 66 m. La altura del perfil final fue de hasta 3.5 m más bajo que el inicial, por lo que es posible que se requiera de un período más prolongado de oleaje bajo para que se restaure la altura del perfil inicial. Es necesario evaluar el papel que juega el dinámico depósito de grava que se observa en la parte norte del área estudiada. La importancia que tiene la playa en la economía local justifica el desarrollo de un programa observacional continuo.doi: sin doi
The Lagunilla Inferior is located on the eastern part of Lake Maracaibo. It covers an area of around 300 km2, with an original oil in place of 6,900 MMSTB and with a total of 1051 wells. The overall recovery factor is around 20% and the current oil field production rate is 30,000 STB/day. To improve the recovery factor during the 70 years of field production life, four water injection projects in different areas of the reservoir have been implemented. In a recent effort to improve the recovery factor in a selected part of the reservoir with higher residual oil saturation but very low reservoir pressures (300–450 psia), an integrated reservoir study was conducted. In this study the water injection with vertical wells were compared with multilateral well technology by using a numerical simulation model. The water flooding scheme with multilateral wells as injectors and producers shows in this study the highest recovery factor, the best economics indicators and the lowest operational activities compared to the vertical well concepts. In this paper the results of different pattern concepts and the detailed project planing will be presented. The first phase of the project (drilling of two injection wells and one producing well) will be implemented this year.
In deep drilling operations, liners hangers are used to eliminate the need to run full strings of casing. Unlike regular casings that are installed back to surface and will be terminated downhole at a hang-off point in the last casing. Depending on the wellbore conditions, deploying liner hangers can be very difficult, and in many scenarios, the bottomhole assembly (BHA) must be rotated and/or reciprocated in order to set the BHA at the target depth. Unfortunately, conventional liner-hanger systems often do not permit tool rotation due to the complex design. Liner-hanger deployment failures can cause loss of the wellbore or a section of the wellbore, which in turn, will result in additional well construction costs to sidetrack and drill another section through the production zone. An expandable liner hanger that has a less complicated design that withstands aggressive reaming as well as drilling to depth is now available. This expandable system has no external moving parts such as slips, hydraulic-setting cylinders or separate liner-top packers, which are used in conventional liners. These attributes help mitigate the risks associated with the deployment exercise and complexity of the completion. PDVSA embraced this technology to help them optimize operations in their deep wells in which extreme environments, often close to 300°F, with deviations greater than 60 degrees and setting depths of more that 12,000 feet are encountered. The benefits that have been gained by adopting this technology are:Optimized capital expenditureOptimized rig-time efficiency (reduced NPT)Avoidance of costly trips to mitigate hanger damage, and premature settingElimination of external moving parts on the hanger assembly (reduced complexity)Reduced rig timeImproved reliability and fluid flowElimination of slip damage to supporting casing Three case histories that compare the traditional and expandable liner hanger systems and verify the advantages stated above will be presented in the paper. Introduction The discussion in this paper concerns three wells that are located in the state of Barinas and Apure in Southern Venezuela (Figure 1). Using expandable liner hangers in Barinas and Apure have provided two very important functions in the well construction process. The first function concerned support of the liner weight, and the second function was the provision of a positive seal on setting that would isolate pressure differentials between the wellbore section above the liner hanger and the wellbore section below the liner hanger. A common problem in the industry concerns the fact that failure of conventional liner hangers normally occurs during the deployment of the liner or during the setting process, and the failures can be due to a variety of reasons:Lack of cement integrity at the liner topPremature setting of the liner hangerInability to reach target depthProblems with conventional tools (darts, plugs, setting tools, etc.).
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