No abstract

Sorghum is a cereal that thrives in arid areas. In Indonesia, sorghum has been cultivated in several regions, but the quantity is still limited. The objective of this study was to determine the chemical properties of Bioguma sorghum developed by the Ministry of Agriculture where is grown in Nusa Tenggara Timur compared to local varieties of red sorghum. Sorghum flour and starch were analyzed for crude protein, water, ash, fat, and crudes fiber, starch and its components, and mineral profiles (calcium, iron, and zinc). Statistical analysis showed significant differences in nutrient composition in the flour and starch of Bioguma sorghum and red sorghum. The amylose content in flour affects the swelling and solubility of sorghum.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of fluid flow rate on the effectiveness of radiator performance by using nanofluid consisting of a mixture of raw water with nano silica (SiO2) particles. The research was initiated by testing the silica material morphologically using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with the aim of knowing its microstructure. Next, mix the silica nanoparticles (SiO2) with water using a ratio of 0.5%, processed using a magnetic stirrer for 8 hours and precipitated for 24 hours. After being separated from the sediment, the nanofluid was tested for performance using a series of cooling system performance test equipment. A series of test equipment consisting of a radiator, flowmeter, water pump, pipe installation, heater and reservoir tank. Research data collection was carried out at the inlet and outlet temperatures as well as the radiator wall. In this study, variations in fluid flow velocity of 2.5, 4.5, and 6 LPM were carried out. The results showed that the decrease in temperature with the use of a fluid flow rate of 6 LPM was able to dissipate heat well to the environment. The decrease in temperature that occurs is 2.5%. Meanwhile, the lowest average radiator effectiveness value at the lowest speed of 6 LPM is 0.905, the highest at a fluid flow rate of 4.5 is 0.930.

<p class="Abstrak"><span lang="EN-GB">Ketepeng cina <em>Senna alata</em> L. is one of the plant species growing in the tropical climate whose leaves have various bioactive components. It has been used as a traditional medicine to treat skin diseases. Ketepeng cina has been cultivated in several regions in Indonesia and the results are exported abroad to be used as medicinal raw materials. So far, the plant extraction process is still using the maceration method. This method is simple but has weaknesses in time consumption making it less efficient. The extraction method by ultrasonic waves promises more efficient extraction process than the maceration method. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in extraction techniques and solvent concentration on the concentration of phytochemical constituents in ketepang cina leaves. The research design used a completely randomized design with two factorial patterns. The first factor was the technique of extracting Ketepeng cina leaves (maceration, ultrasonication), and the second factor was the concentration of solvent/ethanol (40%, 70%, 96%) The observation parameters included analysis of the content of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins. The results showed that the use of the ultrasonication technique provided efficiency in extraction time compared to the maceration technique. The use of 70% ethanol resulted in higher concentrations of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds (28,17 mgGA/g) and (17,61 mgQE/g), but the highest concentration of tannins produced by 96% ethanol solvent was 6,78 mgAT/g. </span></p>

The phytochemical compounds and pigments of Basella alba and Basella rubra fruits have been investigated. The extract of mature basella fruits is facile by pressing technique. The extract was analyzed for the total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and betalains by spectrophotometer methods. Total phenolic, flavonoid and anthocyanin in Basella rubra extract were Basella alba with values of 62,23 (mg/g GA); 46,78 (mg/g QE) and 0,62 mg/g respectively. Betalain concentration in booth extract was not significantly different at 1,03 mg/g. Antioxidant activity in both fruit juices has an IC50 value of 51,62 mg/mL.