Although aluminum (Al) and vanadium (V) have been shown to be cytotoxic, titanium and its Ti-6AI4V alloy have been utilised extensively as implant materials for many years. This is due to new titanium alloys consisting of non-cytotoxic substances like molybdenum (Mo), tantalum (Ta), niobium (Nb), zirconium (Zr), or tin (Sn) have advanced when treated as a cubic β-phase alloy, which has led to the investigation of Al and V free titanium alloys. When configured as a cubic β-phase alloy, they exhibit abnormal corrosion resistance as well as decreased elasticity moduli that are comparable to the substance of the bone they are repairing. This work uses synchrotron x-ray diffraction to calculate the unit cell volume of beta-phase gum metal (Ti–23Nb–0.7 Ta–2Zr–1.2O-TNTZ-O system) at pressures 50, 45, 24, and 40 GPa respectively. The Murnaghan, Viet and Birch-Murnaghan equation of state has been applied using the bulk modulus measurement it was about 88.7GP . Additionally, applying the same technique, the bulk moduli of Ti-7.5Mo-1O, Ti-7.2Mo, and Ti2448 have been determined to be 116.1, 50.2, and 116.2 GPa, respectively. The Ti-7.2Mo system has a below-average bulk modulus when compared to all other alloys. For biomedical applications like hip and human bone replacement, which will be the subject of the study, it would be most appropriate to change the (Ti-xMo-xNb-xTa) alloy and investigate its mechanical properties.
The evolving healthcare industry, driven by the growing need for joint replacement surgeries, musculoskeletal repairs, and orthodontic procedures on a global scale, has prompted the creation of innovative technologies. These emerging technologies are designed to adapt to evolving healthcare needs. In the field of biomedicine, there is a history of using metallic orthopedic materials alongside aerospace industry applications. While these materials are only partially effective in the biomedical domain, they are still considered suitable for bone tissue replacements and regenerative therapies because of their exceptional mechanical properties. Tantalum and Molybdenum elements were added to the titanium to improve the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties because Tantalum and Molybdenum are considered β-stabilizer elements. This research focused on synthesizing the Ti-10Mo-20Ta alloy using arc-melting, placing particular importance on its potential medical applications. Furthermore, the investigation scrutinized the consequences of subjecting the alloy to hot annealing at a temperature of 1050 ºC for a duration of 1.5 hours. Subsequently, the alloy was rapidly immersed in water, and its microstructure and mechanical properties were analyzed. The alloy was characterized utilizing methods like X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results obtained indicated that the material possessed a metastable β structure with minimal α phase presence, as revealed through structural analysis. Tensile strength testing conducted at room temperature exhibited a significantly higher value of around 1200 MPa in comparison to Ti-6Al-4V and CP-Ti alloys. These alloys were deemed suitable for their intended purpose as orthopaedic implants.
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