The situation of Hepatitis C remains a challenge for public health providers as well as for patients and families also. The situation in developing countries is getting worse. This study was designed to examine the effects of hepatitis C, especially on the patients and their families as well, the impact on both and barriers in treatment that they faced. Furthermore, depression is significantly and positively correlated with stigmatization, economic effect, impact on family and treatment barriers while significantly and negatively correlated with quality of life. Similarly, quality of life is significantly and negatively correlated with stigmatization, economic effect, impact on family, and treatment barriers. Economic effect significantly and positively correlated with impact on family and treatment barriers. The impact on family and treatment barriers is significantly and positively correlated with each other. It was also concluded that anxiety and stress, depression, stigmatization, economic effect, and impact on family significantly negatively predict the quality of life while treatment barriers don't significantly predict the quality of life. This study suggests that there is a need to launch a proper vaccination program to eradicate chronic disease.
Urban regeneration is viewed as a far-reaching field in urban planning. Urban regeneration contributes not just to set up new urban structures in urban communities, yet in moulding the urban communities as well. The long-term vision of urban regeneration projects along with transit corridors is to promote sustainable patterns of urban growth by ensuring all urban design features and creating higher densities along transit and non-motorized transit use. This research aims to assess the potential of urban regeneration along the route of Orange Line Metro Train. The primary data was gathered using in-depth interviews and structured questionnaires. All the 26 stations of Orange Line Metro train were divided into three equal stratums. Furthermore, the middle order station had been selected from all the three stratums and for each selected station a buffer was drawn of half of a kilometer radius and selected as a sample of the study area. Respondents were asked about their opinion regarding the significance level of the different urban design features of a sustainable urban regeneration project. The Cronbach’s alpha of the data collection instrument was calculated as 0.71, which is higher than the acceptable reliability coefficient. The validity test was completed by Principal component analysis. Varimax rotation was used for the rotation of components. KMO adequacy test was 0.707, which must be more than 0.5 to retain the variables, and the variables with Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure less than 0.5 must be excluded from the study. Bartlett’ Test was significant at p<.05. The significance index of urban design features for sustainable urban regeneration projects had been calculated. Overall, the necessary attributes of sustainable urban regeneration project were found. The research provides the priority areas of urban regeneration as per the key stakeholders along the Orange Line Metro Train Route. Keywords: Urban regeneration, Light Rail Transit (LRT), urban design features, mixed development, security against crimes, price premier
Cultural heritage buildings play an effectual role in transferring cultural values to future generations as they are a significant source of sustainability in maintaining the cultural heritage. With the passage of time, these historical buildings have lost their actual character and aesthetic value. The only way to retain the position of these historical buildings is by following Adaptive Reuse as a particular method to sustain the traditional and cultural heritage of the colonial buildings situated at Mall road. This method proved to be helpful in preserving the heritage buildings when they start losing their originality. The reuse of buildings and adapting buildings for some other functions has become a growing trend now a days. As the revival of these buildings have not only minimized the construction, storage, and energy consumption by using adaptive reuse techniques, but it has also provided a sustainable ecosystem. The current research identified the need to understand the negligence factors implicated by the Adaptive Reuse practices of colonial buildings situated on Mall Road, Lahore, Pakistan. The negligence shown towards the colonial buildings identified the lacking practice which can only be recovered by incorporating reuse methods for the sustainability of built heritage. Therefore, the improvisation of factors like ignorance and lack of bylaws and policies, would lead to the achievement of productive and efficient reuse of built heritage. The current study was conducted in an urban area situated on the Mall Road, Lahore, by using both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies a mixed methodology. Through this methodology, the researcher conducted and analyzed interviews which led to some suggestions, which can be considered at micro and macro level to monitor adaptive practice of heritage buildings. There is a dire need to take effective measures through proper investigation to preserve these colonial heritage buildings.
In today’s digital era, as resources diminish and globalization provokes more regimented situations, innovative technologies such as parametric modeling, Building Information Modelling, 3D printing, and 3D scanners present dynamic answers for conserving and preserving traditional buildings. The main aim of this research is to explore digital technologies and tools to indicate how they can be of assistance in heritage preservation. Moreover, it also aims to identify the techniques that can make this laborious process more efficient and precise. All around the world, heritage sites are brought to life with the help of augmented models. This research highlights the digital methodology, tools, and techniques not fully explored due to limited funding and opportunities but present here as the evolving concept in the field of heritage conservation. It is more about the examination and investigation of the preservation process with the help of digital technology. It also explores the extent of possibilities and opportunities these digital tools can provide. Digital techniques and tools are extensively used within the traditional heritage internationally. However, Pakistan is still lagging behind in this domain. This study reconnoiters the impending uses of digital techniques in preserving architectural heritage and highlights how simple usage of these instruments can make the whole process more efficient and convenient. The outcomes specify that these tools provide many advantages over the traditional methods of conservation and have proved to be more useful and accurate. The application of photogrammetry to create models of old structures is also discussed. Moreover, the creative use of these tools to develop cordiality to original structures without replacing or damaging them is explored. This paper examines the application of these cutting-edge technologies for the preservation of architectural heritage in Pakistan with specific reference to a Mughal era structure in Lahore, that is, Asaf Khan’s Tomb. Despite the rich architectural heritage of Lahore, there is no proper conservation methodology currently practiced to preserve it. The above mentioned structure was surveyed, documented and the then-current situation was modeled using different softwares including Building Information Modeling in Revit. For the climatic and solar analysis of the structure, Ladybug which is a Rhino plug-in was explored and Microsoft Form it was used for the detailed solar energy analysis. Keywords: building information modeling, digital tools and technology, heritage conservation, photogrammetry
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