This article reports three studies of international deception. Americans, Jordanians, and Indians were videotaped while lying and telling the truth, and the resulting tapes were judged for deception by other Americans, Jordanians, and Indians. Results show that lies can be detected across cultures. They can be detected across cultures that share a language and cultures that do not, by illiterates as well as university students. Contrary to a hypothesis of ethnocentrism, perceivers show no general tendency to judge persons from other countries as deceptive; in fact, they often judge foreigners to be more truthful than compatriots. There is, however, some evidence for a language-based ethnocentrism when perceivers are judging the deceptiveness of a series of people from the same multilingual culture. Ancillary results reveal that people from diverse backgrounds reach consensus in deception judgments and that motivation can impair a liar's ability to achieve communication goals.

In this paper we report the findings from a study of some Palestinian youth living in Jordanian camps that are considered economically distressed social environments. Variables of interest included parental relationships, family functioning, and selfconcept. Results indicate that parent/adolescent relationships are within the normal, expected functional range although difficulties that reflect a more authoritarian parenting style are apparent. The self-concept of this population is moderate to negative. The overall quality of family life appears to be diminished, with a distinct tendency toward more rigid and disengaged patterns of interaction. The results are discussed in reference to sociocultural differences.

In the present study we tested the effect of stimuli presentation modality on judgments of honesty and attractiveness, and whether the judge's gender and target's nationality and gender affect such judgments. Jordanian judges watched a videotape of Jordanian and US targets and rated their honesty and attractiveness. Results showed a significant effect for presentation modality on judgments of honesty and attractiveness. Audiovisual presentation produced higher ratings of honesty and attractiveness judgments than did audio and video presentations. Results showed also a main effect for target nationality and gender on judgments of honesty, and a main effect for target nationality only on judgments of attractiveness. Jordanian students judged female targets to be more honest than male targets, and judged US targets to be more honest and attractive than Jordanian targets.

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Differences in personality traits as self-perceived and as judged by others were examined. A target sample of 80 students were photographed on slide pictures and asked to take the calmanxious and introvert-extrovert lists. Another sample of 193 students served as judges by watching the target slide pictures and judged them on how calm-anxious and introvert-extrovert they appeared. Results showed that target subjects perceived themselves to be calmer and more extrovert than judgments made by others who watched the target slide pictures and judged them. This indicates that individuals see their personality traits in a more favorable way than others see them in terms of anxiety and introversion judgments.Knowing our own personalities, attitudes, and feelings is an important aspect of mental health and social adjustment. We modify our view of personal traits as we continually have evaluative experiences and social interactions, as we gain more information about ourselves, as we do in fact change.Through the history of counseling and psychotherapy, Carl Rogers emphasized that our views of self do not always match the views others have of us. And often, there are discrepancies between self-perception and others' perceptions. (Rogers, 1961).Therefore, in his self-centered theory, Rogers indicated that one basic goal of therapy is to help the client develop an internal locus of self-definition rather than an external locus of self-definition dependent entirely upon other people (Corey, 1982).