Recent lexical approaches to the identification of language ideologies focus on the application of quantitative corpus-linguistic techniques to large data sets as a way to minimise researcher inference and ensure more objective sampling methods, replicability of analytical procedures, and a higher degree of generalisability ( Fitzsimmons-Doolan, 2014 ; Subtirelu, 2015 ; Vessey, 2017 ; Wright and Brooks, 2019 ; and McEntee-Atalianis and Vessey, 2020 ). Based on two comprehensive, specialised research (11.6 million words) and comparator (22.4 million words) newspaper corpora, this study offers an examination of the effectiveness of the multivariate and univariate statistical techniques, and proposes a three-step approach whereby corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis are combined to identify ( 1) thematic and ( 2) ideological discourses (cf. ‘d’/’D’ discourses; Gee, 2010 ), and ( 3) language ideologies. In contrast to recent contributions, it is argued that item frequency is not necessarily a reliable or effective indicator of language ideologies but, rather, of language-related discourses which can be examined for implicit and explicit language-ideological content. A combination of multivariate and univariate statistical techniques, and the three-step approach are shown to be a highly effective methodological solution for synchronic and diachronic language ideology and discourse research based on topically/discursively heterogeneous corpora.
Similar to many modern languages Bosnian continues to borrow lexical material from English. Although this is by no means a new trend, the linguo-political situation in Bosnia-Herzegovina has dramatically changed in the past twenty years and with it the dynamics and patterns of lexical borrowing. Based on a special synchronic corpus compiled from opinion pieces and editorials from the contemporary Bosnian press, this study analyzes the collocational patterns of the most frequently occurring English loanwords and compares them to their original collocational patterns extracted from a comparable English-language corpus. The findings confirm a divergence in collocational patterning between the donor and borrowing languages (Kurtböke & Potter 2000), but also suggest the existence of a “washback” effect whereby some of the new collocational patterns from the borrowing language enter the donor language through media discourse. The new collocational patterns are shown to derive from the postwar constitutional arrangement in Bosnia-Herzegovina.
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