Background. Disorder of sex development (DSD) is a congenital disorder associated with interference in chromosomes, gonads, or sexes anatomically. Individual affected with DSD can be recognized since birth due to external genital ambiguity. Sexual chromosome DSD occurred because sexual chromosome numeric or structural disorder. Mosaic karyotype 45X/46XY is among the rare sexual chromosome DSD with incidence less than 1:15,000 live births. DSD individuals are susceptible to stigmatization. This can cause stress, negative emotion, and social isolation. Therefore, DSD individual management should be done as optimal as possible. Case Presentation: Twelve years old girl complaining a bump arose from anterior side of her genital resembles male genital since 4 years prior to admission without micturition and defecation complains. Patient has not experienced menarche. On external genital examination, we found the normal female external genital such as mons pubis, pubic hair, labia majora, labia minora, hymen, perineum, but without clitoris which in this case it is replaced by a glans of penis, arising from anterior commissure of labia majora area, with an urethral estuary. Before the management is done, patient underwent multidiscipline consultations and further examinations. Subsequently, it was approved that the joint conference formation consisting obstetric and gynecology, urologist, and pediatric endocrinologist to determine the optimal management for the patient. Conclusion: In this case, diagnosis was made with history taking, clinical examination, and supporting investigation such as ultrasound imaging and could be followed by biochemistry test, voiding cystourethrography or genitogram to determine next management. Counseling should be done in detail towards the family to know what action is best for the patient. Multidiscipline team was required to get the optimum result either in medical, ethical, or religious point of view. Surgery in this case was considered followed by long term therapy afterwards.
Normal menstrual cycles occur every 25-30 days, with the length of menstruation with an average cycle duration of 28 days. If the menstrual cycle is less than 21 days or more than 35 days, it is considered a cycle of irregular menstruation. Irregular menstruation is caused by changes in female hormone levels associated with health behavior, obesity, stress, and physical activity. This study aimed to describe the pattern of the menstrual cycle in final-year female students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya. The research design used a cross-sectional study with a total study population of 144 people. Data were obtained from questionnaires filled out by students via the Google form and then analyzed using the chi-square test. The results of the study showed that most students experienced normal menstrual cycles, as much as 62.1%. The most common menstrual disorder experienced by female students was dysmenorrhea, as much as 61.3%. Based on the chi-square test, it was found that there was no relationship between physical activity and the menstrual cycle (p=0.648). In conclusion, there is no relationship between physical activity and the menstrual cycle.
Background: Hypertension in pregnancy (HIP) is the second highest cause of maternal death in Indonesia. Termination of pregnancy in patients with HIP or preeclampsia is the most common treatment to save both the mother and the fetus. There are two methods of delivery that can be done, namely vaginal or abdominal termination (sectio caesaria). Due to the high incidence of severe preeclampsia in Indonesia and the various determinants in choosing a delivery method for severe preeclampsia, the aim of this study is to analyze what factors influenced it in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Hospital. Method: This type of study is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional study design. A total of 210 samples were taken using the simple random sampling technique from the medical records of severe preeclampsia patients who gave birth at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Hospital during January 2018 – December 2019 and was analyzed by univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis with SPSS ver.26. Result: A total of 81 (38.6%) PEB patients underwent vaginal delivery and 129 (61.4%) underwent a caesarean section delivery. From the observations, 67 people (57.3%) were aged 20-34 years, 40 people (78.4%) with a gestational age of 34-36 weeks, 92 people (57.9%) multiparity, 104 people (62, 3%) without a history of hypertension, 86 people (53.4%) without a history of SC, 98 people (84,5%) with a bishop score ≤5, 116 people (59,5%) without PJT, 122 people (61%) without macrosomic fetuses, 108 people (63.5%) without PROM, and 84 people (75%) with complications underwent cesarean delivery. The factors of gestational age (p value = 0.001), history of sectio caesaria (p value = 0.000), bishop score (p value = 0.000), and complications or comorbidities (p value = 0.000) had a significant relationship to the method of delivery for patients with PEB with factors bishop score is the most influencing factor (OR = 10,299). Conclusion: Therefore, gestational age, history of CS, bishop score, and complications or comorbidities are factors that influence the delivery method of PEB patients.
Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is defined as the abnormal bleeding from the uterine corpus in term of duration, volume, frequency and/or regularity. This condition occurs in 37% of adolescents and may affect the quality of life and increased hospitalization. Etiology is divided into structural and non-structural causes, known as PALM-COEIN. The most common etiology in adolescents is anovulatory menstruation due to immature hypothalamus-hypophysis axis. Diagnostic evaluation should include investigation in the etiology of AUB, anemia signs, and hemodynamic status. Treatment of AUB consists of hormonal and non-hormonal therapy. Therapy in adolescent is given based on the severity of bleeding, grading of anemia, and hemodynamic stability. Follow-up is required after therapy. Understanding AUB in adolescents can help clinicians deliver appropriate and comprehensive treatment. This review was aimed to explain about definition, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescent.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.