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This research aims to investigate process and mechanism of splitting water by illumination copper oxide using indoor lights. We report here an innovative approach, in which the lights are used from low energy and rarely never using in general photovoltaic system. The illumination is monitoring with high resolution CMOS Camera, 13 MPixel of OPPO X9006, to capture image of spliiting water. Splitting of water to produce hydrogen due on the Carbon (Graphite) electrode surface with electricity current from Cu 2 O/Al PV Cell and Na 2 SO 4 electrolyte. Tandem of PV cell and Electrolysis Cell (PV-EC) produce Hydrogen gas, in which electric current is 4.27 Voltage and 0.920 mA in Na 2 SO 4 0.5 N optimal condition. PV Cell use Cu 2 O/Al as electrode with surface area 0.003711 m 2 . With eleven PV cell series arrangement (surface area = 0.018555m 2 ), produce voltage 4,27V (this voltage was exceed minimum voltage for water splitting with voltage 4,27V) and current 0.910 mA. The process of water splitting observed at initiation of formation H 2 gas and H 2 release at carbon surface. After 1 hour and 50 minutes, H 2 gas volume produced reach 0.00281 mL.

This research aims to obtain reactor design photocells that can convert light energy into electrical energy space. Room light energy derived from sunlight that comes into the room and fluorescent light irradiation. Photocells reactor using a panel of copper oxide (Cu 2 O/CuO) of calcined Cu plate and filler electrolyte Na 2 SO 4 0.5 N. The design of the geometry of the reactor photocells covering thickness of the glass pane, the distance between the electrodes, the interface layer, layer and coating reflector panels, and junction type np used. Reactor photocells 1 (R1) and 2 (R2) is identical in geometry to the thickness of the glass panel 3 mm thick reactor 15 mm without anti reflector, but the difference at the junction of type n, (R1 = plate Cu; R2 = plate Aluminum) generate 182.82 mW/m 2 and 21119644.3 NW/m 2 . Design R3 (junction-type n = plate Cu) and R4 (junction-type n = plate Al), a panel thickness of 15 cm and has a layer anti reflector provide power 214.95 mW/m 2 and 24163298.3 NW/m 2 . Design Reactor 5 (R5 = Cu) and R6 (Al), thickness of 9 mm, the distance between the electrodes 0:30 mm, using anti reflector carbon, giving each the power of 277.36 mW/m 2 and 31258420.91 NW/m 2 . The most optimum reactor design is the design of R6 with 2:14% conversion capabilities (Intensity = 90.21 foot candles) for the sunlight into the room.

This work describes a procedure for the simultaneous determination of cadmium in fruit and vegetable samples using adsorptive stripping voltammetry of complexes with calcon at a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) has been optimized using central composite design (CCD). The selection of the experimental conditions was made using experimental of the influence of several parameters were studied : variations of calcon concentration, pH, accumulation potential and accumulation time. The design experiment was a central composite design with 4 factors/variables, 3 levels and 31 treatment combinations. From analysis of variance, it was decided to accept the second-order model and the independent variable, concluded that a significant effect on the response variable (peak current). Based on data analysis with central composite design, the determination of cadmium obtained optimum conditions were : calcon concentration 0.8435 mM, pH 8.0047, accumulation potential -0.6346 Volt and accumulation time 81.85 seconds with a maximum peak current 61.8146 nA. At the optimum condition were obtained relative standard deviation 0.84%, recovery 98.88%, the linear range up to 110 µg/L, limit of detection 1.009 µg/L and LOQ 3.363 µg/L. The procedure was successfully applied to the determination of cadmium in fruit and vegetable samples without prior treatment.

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Titanium-silica (TiO2-SiO2), a type of semiconductor metal oxide cluster compound, has been widely used as oxidative catalysts and dye agents. In this research, TiO2-SiO2 on cotton textile has been utilized as self-cleaning agents by cross linking with acrylic acid compound. The clusters of TiO2-SiO2 was modified by a series of Ti:Si molar compositions, i.e. 1:1; 2:1 and 1:2. The successful modification of the cotton textile’s fiber surface was confirmed with an increase in mass. The FTIR spectra displayed an intense peak at 1700 cm–1, indicating the presence of carboxyl functional groups for both the coated cottons with and without TiO2-SiO2­ coating. SEM-EDX characterization showed that the TiO2-SiO2 clusters was homogeneously distributed on the cotton. The self-cleaning performance of TiO2-SiO2 coated cotton textile was evaluated in the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye and examined with UV light (120 min). Results showed that TiO2-SiO2 coated cotton with Ti:Si molar ratio of 1:2, which was prepared by dip-spin coating in acrylic acid with 24 h of soaking time, achieved the best self-cleaning effect in the degradation of methylene blue.

This research is intended to learn inhibition efficiency of mild steel corrosion in peat water using two type of chitosan. First chitosan is without treatment and the second one is synthesized by ionotropic gelation method and then is characterized by Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Diameter of chitosan porous is about 500 nm which is measured based on morphological photo using SEM with inhomogeneous porous shape and porous distribution is unsmooth . Effect of chitin and chitosan on the corrosion of mild steel in peat water is studied using weight loss method. It is found that corrosion inhibition efficiency depends on peat water pH, inhibition technique and interaction time. The results show that inhibition efficiency of chitosan without treatment and with treatment are 88.73% and 93.32% respectively. The inhibition is assumed to occur via physicsorption of the chitin and chitosan molecules on the metal surface. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm is tested for their fit to the experimental data.