The development of societies and industrial progress cannot be achieved without the use of electricity. The growing demand for energy and the degradation of the environment by current sources force us to look for other methods to produce it. The production of renewable energy from landfill waste reduces the environmental problems caused by the combustion of coal, oil and natural gas. Therefore, in this work, life cycle assement is used to compare the different energy recovery options of four solid waste management systems with each other and to assess the corresponding carbon credit. The four management systems are: landfilling (scenario S 0 ), landfilling with energy recovery (scenario S 1 ), incineration combined with anaerobic digestion with energy recovery in both cases (scenario S 2 ) and incineration with energy recovery (scenario S 3 ). The assessment showed that scenario S 2 is the best waste management option for energy production with an energy potential of 890.9 GWh/year, which corresponds to 11% of the Côte d'Ivoire's net electricity production in 2015. In addition, this scenario has led to a better reduction in methane emissions with a carbon credit of USD 12168200 for the total amount of waste managed in one year. However, scenario S 1 is the wrong option in terms of energy production with an energy potential of 232.2 GWh/year corresponding to 3% of the Ivory Coast's net electricity production in 2015. Regarding the potential reductions in CO2equivalent emissions, those of scenario S1 are the lowest with a carbon credit of US$ 12,025,343. From the point of view of the production of clean and green energy, the voice to be followed for an optimal MSW management technique in Abidjan is the anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction, the incineration of the fuel fraction, followed by the landfilling of the residues.
Lead (Pb) is one of the most frequent and toxic contaminant in the environment. It can be bioaccumulated by marine organisms through contaminated sediments as well as their food chains. The current study aimed at investigating Pb occurrence in the sediments and gastropod P. haemastostoma from Vridi Canal. Sediment samples were taken using a Van Veen steel grab of 0.02 m2 area, sealed in plastic bags and transported to the laboratory at 4 °C. Gastropod P. haemastostoma species were collected manually using gloves, and then placed in polyethylene plastic bags. The different concentrations were determined using atomic absorption spectrometer Varian AA 20. The results showed seasonal variability of Pb concentrations in sediments and P. haemastostoma. In the both matrices, Pb exhibited the same trend in the distribution between the seasons. This study also mentioned that sediments were highly contaminated by Pb (54.27-134.71 mg/kg). Vridi Canal was found to be one of the most contaminated seaport area. Pb levels (49.55-104.19 mg/kg) in P. haemastostoma exceeding the maximum permitted levels according to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). This research demonstrated that sediments having lower ecological risk may be resulting in lower tissue Pb of P. haemastostoma.
Keywords: Metal Pb, sediment, P. haemastostoma, seasonal variation
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