Recently, AC distribution systems have experienced high harmonic pollution due to the fact that electrical power system parameters are often mixed with noise. In an ideal situation, AC power system is supposed to have a constant frequency at specific voltage but owing to presence of connected nonlinear loads and injection into the grid from non-sinusoidal output active sources etc., have immensely contributed to the total distortion of the both current and voltage waveforms. This has increased the system loses and consequently affected other connected equipment in the system. Therefore there is a need to mitigate these effects if they cannot be eliminated intoto, hence the proposition of Kalman filter. It has been very useful in the aspect of electrical power discipline particularly in harmonic estimation. It has also find it way in the application of power system dynamics, optimal operation and control of motor, relay operation and protection, and also for accurate prediction of short and medium term electrical load forecasting. This paper is to highlight on the significant of Kalman filter methodological approach as adopted in electrical power system.
The presence of harmonics in electrical power system has been sole contribution of ever-growing utilization of non-linear electrical loads as well as power electronic equipment. As much as to improve operation of electrical power system by maintaining stable, controlled and quality power flow in electrical networks, there should be an appropriate method to quantify accurately, the presence of the harmonic pollution in these systems. It must be worth noting that the selected approach should be precise while being computationally effectual. Therefore, this research work seeks to propose the non-linear state estimation approach which is based on the improved Kalman Filter to measure harmonics from a distorted signal in electrical power system. The proposed technique exhibits high performance of superiority and present real estimation on face of quantities variation of the distorted source. Further, the proposed technique vis-á-vis other conventional methods is simple and robust, hence less hardware requirements and rock-bottom computational cost.
Energy, particularly electrical energy is crucial to human sustenance and development. Due to the increasing demand of electrical energy, day by day the gap between the demand and supply is widening, resulting in deficiency in power generation. Bridging these gaps from the supply end is very challenging and exorbitant proposition. Further, limited energy resources, scarcity of capital and high interest costs for the addition of new generation capacity is leading to the increased cost of electrical energy in Ghana. The only achievable way to handle this crisis, apart from the capacity addition, is the efficient utilization of available electrical energy which is only possible by persistently monitoring and controlling the use of electricity. This report seeks to augment energy use awareness, estimate any wastage with the use of appliances and to encourage energy conservative practices in Kumasi Polytechnic. A potential energy savings for lighting equipment, air-conditioners (AC) and computer sets are shown for this study. As an added benefit, these improvements will result in better lighting condition and better controlled classroom temperature-all of which can improve the productivity and general well-being of students and lecturers.
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