No abstract

No abstract

Objective. Decoding neural activity has been limited by the lack of tools available to record from large numbers of neurons across multiple cortical regions simultaneously with high temporal fidelity. To this end, we developed the Argo system to record cortical neural activity at high data rates. Approach. Here we demonstrate a massively parallel neural recording system based on platinum-iridium microwire electrode arrays bonded to a CMOS voltage amplifier array. The Argo system is the highest channel count in vivo neural recording system, supporting simultaneous recording from 65 536 channels, sampled at 32 kHz and 12-bit resolution. This system was designed for cortical recordings, compatible with both penetrating and surface microelectrodes. Main results. We validated this system through initial bench testing to determine specific gain and noise characteristics of bonded microwires, followed by in-vivo experiments in both rat and sheep cortex. We recorded spiking activity from 791 neurons in rats and surface local field potential activity from over 30 000 channels in sheep. Significance. These are the largest channel count microwire-based recordings in both rat and sheep. While currently adapted for head-fixed recording, the microwire-CMOS architecture is well suited for clinical translation. Thus, this demonstration helps pave the way for a future high data rate intracortical implant.

T his article presents results from the integration of a noncontact physiological radar monitoring system (PRMS) with a type I polysomnography (PSG) system to perform sleep monitoring. The PRMS system consists of two continuous-wave Doppler radars operating at the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band of 2.45 GHz. The system can acquire data, perform digital processing, and output appropriate conventional analog outputs with a latency of approximately 130 ms, which can be recorded and displayed by a gold standard sleep monitoring sys-tem along with other standard sensor measurements. Radar data was also used to successfully detect paradoxical motion that was simulated using linear movers and to categorize normal breathing, apnea, and hypopnea in sleeping subjects with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). OSA Using PSGWith about 15 million Americans suffering from OSA [1], it is one of the most common health disorders. Studies show a relationship between sleep apnea and cardiovascular diseases. Many patients with heart

Object Prospective motion correction (PMC) during brain imaging using camera-based tracking of a skin-attached marker may suffer from problems including loss of marker visibility due to the coil and false correction due to non-rigid-body facial motion, such as frowning or squinting. A modified PMC system is introduced to mitigate these problems and increase the robustness of motion correction. Materials and Methods The method relies on simultaneously tracking two markers, each providing six degrees of freedom, that are placed on the forehead. This allows us to track head motion when one marker is obscured, and detect skin movements to prevent false corrections. Experiments were performed to compare the performance of the two-marker motion correction technique to the previous single-marker approach. Results Experiments validate the theory developed for adaptive marker tracking and skin movement detection, and demonstrate improved image quality during obstruction of the line-of-sight of one marker, when subjects squint, or when subjects squint and move simultaneously. Conclusion The proposed methods eliminate two common failure modes of PMC and substantially improve the robustness of PMC and can be applied to other optical tracking systems capable of tracking multiple markers. The methods presented can be adapted to the use of more than two markers.

No abstract

Purpose One potential barrier for using Prospective Motion Correction (PMC) in the clinic is the unpredictable nature of a scan because of the direct interference with the imaging sequence. We demonstrate that a second set of “de-corrected” images can be reconstructed from a scan with PMC that show how images would have appeared without PMC enabled. Theory and Methods For 3D scans, the effects of PMC can be undone by performing a retrospective reconstruction based on the inverse of the transformation matrix used for real time gradient feedback. Retrospective reconstruction is performed using a generalized SENSE approach with continuous head motion monitored using a single-marker optical camera system. Results Reverse retrospective reconstruction is demonstrated for phantom and in vivo scans using an magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequence including parallel and Partial Fourier acceleration. Conclusion Reverse retrospective reconstruction can almost perfectly undo the effects of prospective feedback, and thereby provide a second image data set with the effects of motion correction removed. In case of correct feedback, one can directly compare the quality of the corrected with that of the uncorrected scan. Additionally, since erroneous feedback during PMC may introduce artifacts, it is possible to eliminate artifacts in a corrupted scan by reversing the false gradient updates.

No abstract