In early-phase psychosis, EIS are superior to TAU across all meta-analyzable outcomes. These results support the need for funding and use of EIS in patients with early-phase psychosis.
ObjectiveTo provide an estimate of the burden of postpartum depression in Indian mothers and investigate some risk factors for the condition.MethodsWe searched PubMed®, Google Scholar and Embase® databases for articles published from year 2000 up to 31 March 2016 on the prevalence of postpartum depression in Indian mothers. The search used subject headings and keywords with no language restrictions. Quality was assessed via the Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale. We performed the meta-analysis using a random effects model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression was done for heterogeneity and the Egger test was used to assess publication bias.FindingsThirty-eight studies involving 20 043 women were analysed. Studies had a high degree of heterogeneity (I2 = 96.8%) and there was evidence of publication bias (Egger bias = 2.58; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.83–4.33). The overall pooled estimate of the prevalence of postpartum depression was 22% (95% CI: 19–25). The pooled prevalence was 19% (95% CI: 17–22) when excluding 8 studies reporting postpartum depression within 2 weeks of delivery. Small, but non-significant differences in pooled prevalence were found by mother’s age, geographical location and study setting. Reported risk factors for postpartum depression included financial difficulties, presence of domestic violence, past history of psychiatric illness in mother, marital conflict, lack of support from husband and birth of a female baby. ConclusionThe review shows a high prevalence of postpartum depression in Indian mothers. More resources need to be allocated for capacity-building in maternal mental health care in India.
Although additional studies are needed, DPT holds promise as a potentially scalable evidence-based treatment of children with disruptive behaviors that can save human resources.
The current review indicates the efficacy of DPT across a range of therapy formats applied in real-world settings demonstrating the potential for increased accessibility of evidence-based treatment for youth with disruptive behaviors. Additional studies are needed to extend these findings and to determine moderating effects of different designs.
Aims: In India, opioid substitution therapy (OST) has been scaled-up in the recent years for HIV prevention among injecting drug users. This study aimed to assess the change in knowledge and attitude of the OST staff who underwent a five-day training programme on OST. Methods: Using a ''pre-test post-test'' design, routine data collected from 267 staff who underwent the OST training was analysed. The staff composition was: doctors (n ¼ 42, 15.7%), nurses (n ¼ 49, 18.4%), counsellors (n ¼ 45, 16.9%) and other programme staff (n ¼ 131, 49.1%). A 20-item, pen and paper questionnaire was administered right before the beginning of and immediately after the completion of the training. The questions were categorised into one of the five domains to assess whether changes in scores are confined to certain domains. Overall scores and scores in different domains were compared using paired-sample t-tests. The score difference in different cadres was compared using univariate general linear model with post-hoc comparisons. Findings: The difference between the total mean pre-test scores (9.24) (out of maximum possible score of 20) and post-test score (13.8) was significant. Comparison between various domains showed significant differences across all cadres. Doctors recorded significantly higher scores compared to other cadres. Conclusion: It is feasible to train different cadres of service providers together on OST in five days. The training was able to improve the participants' knowledge and their attitude towards injecting drug users.
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