Marital status appears to influence CVD and prognosis after CVD. These findings may suggest that marital status should be considered in the risk assessment for CVD and outcomes of CVD based on marital status merits further investigation.

BackgroundPreterm delivery (<37 weeks gestational age) affects 11% of all pregnancies, but data are conflicting whether preterm birth is associated with long‐term adverse maternal cardiovascular outcomes. We aimed to systematically evaluate and summarize the evidence on the relationship between preterm birth and future maternal risk of cardiovascular diseases.Methods and ResultsA systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed to identify relevant studies that evaluated the association between preterm birth and future maternal risk of composite cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, stroke, and death caused by cardiovascular or coronary heart disease and stroke. We quantified the associations using random effects meta‐analysis. Twenty‐one studies with over 5.8 million women, including over 338 000 women with previous preterm deliveries, were identified. Meta‐analysis of studies that adjusted for potential confounders showed that preterm birth was associated with an increased risk of maternal future cardiovascular disease (risk ratio [RR] 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18, 1.72), cardiovascular disease death (RR 1.78, 95% CI, 1.42, 2.21), coronary heart disease (RR 1.49, 95% CI, 1.38, 1.60), coronary heart disease death (RR 2.10, 95% CI, 1.87, 2.36), and stroke (RR 1.65, 95% CI, 1.51, 1.79). Sensitivity analysis showed that the highest risks occurred when the preterm deliveries occurred before 32 weeks gestation or were medically indicated.ConclusionsPreterm delivery is associated with an increase in future maternal adverse cardiovascular outcomes, including a 2‐fold increase in deaths caused by coronary heart disease. These findings support the assessment of preterm delivery in cardiovascular risk assessment in women.

of users lack awareness of their own risk factors. The Heart Age tool was accessed by a group not easily reached by conventional approaches yet is at high cardiovascular risk and would benefit most from early and sustained risk reduction. These are both important opportunities for interventions to educate and empower the public to manage better their cardi-ovascular risk and promote population level prevention. Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The importance of primary prevention (PP) of CVD is now well recognised and can potentially improve quality of life and survival cost-effectively. Aim To assess benefits of contemporary guideline based PP recommendations for CVD risk reduction in those with elevated global cardiovascular risk. Methods 402 participants aged 40-74 years were recruited as part of the HAPPY London study. Eligible participants had an elevated 10-year risk based on a QRISK2 score of 10% or more. Internet access was required to be able to register and complete questionnaires online. Individualised one-off cardio-vascular risk reduction advice was provided, based on the JBS3 and ESC 2012 CVD prevention guidelines. Follow-up at 3 months assessed changes in risk factors and risk scores using paired t-test statistical analysis. Results Mean age 65 years; 37% females and 370 (92%) completed the 3-months follow up. There was a small but significant improvement in mean blood pressure from 132/80 mmHg to 129/78 mmHg (p < 0.001). Other improvements included weight, waist circumference, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, physical activity, Framingham and QRISK2 scores (Table 1). QRISK2 score dropped from 18.9% to 18.5% at follow-up. This was a 0.7% absolute reduction compared to expected resulting in about 660 less CVD events per 100,000 over 10 years. Conclusions Implementing guideline recommendation for CVD PP can produce modest improvements in risk factors in the medium term in patients at high cardiovascular risk. Promoting long-term compliance should help lower future cardiovas-cular events. Background Despite the well-characterised association between sweetened beverage intake and development of cardio-metabolic risk factors, the relationship between sweetened beverage intake and cardiovascular disease and mortality is controversial. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between sweetened beverages and car-diovascular events and mortality. Methods Medline and EMBASE were searched in July 2015 for studies that considered soft drink intake and their association with risk of mortality, coronary heart disease (CHD) or stroke. Pooled risk ratios for adverse outcomes were calculated using inverse variance with a random effects model, and het-erogeneity was assessed using the I 2 statistic. Results 8 studies with 308,810 participants (34-75 years) were included in the review. Pooled results suggest a significant increase in stroke RR 1.13 95% CI 1.02-1.24, and CHD RR 1.22 95% CI 1.14-1.30 with...

Sugar-sweetened beverage and ASB intake are both associated with metabolic syndrome. This association may be driven by the fact that soft drink intake serves as a surrogate for an unhealthy lifestyle, or an adverse cardiovascular risk factor profile.