Objective: To report the epidemiology of Women's National Professional Fast-Pitch (NPF) softball injuries during the 2017 season. The secondary objective was to evaluate risk factors for pitching injuries. Design/Setting: Prospective injury data were collected from the primary clinical care of 6 professional softball teams. Participants: The NPF study population consisted of 153 players. Independent Variables: Data collection included the following: number of practices each week, diagnosis of the injury, game or practice injury, position played when sustaining the injury, treatment for the injury, number of missed practices and/or games as a result of the injury, and total days until return to play. Main Outcome Measures: Injury rate (IR) overall, IR in position players, and IR in pitchers. Secondary outcomes included risk assessment for injury in pitchers; descriptive statistics on the injuries recorded in all players. Results: Pitchers reported both upper extremity and lower extremity injuries equally, whereas positional players reported more lower extremity injuries. Pitchers were also most likely to be injured during a practice than a game. Overall, there were 3.26 reported game injuries per 1000 athlete exposures (AE) and 4.79 practice injuries per 1000 AE. Pitchers specifically had 1.88 reported game injuries per 1000 AE and 5.66 practice injuries per 1000 AE. Conclusions: In contrast to previous data, our study showed an increased IR in practice as compared to games in both position players and pitchers. Significant injuries were relatively rare, and most injuries seemed minor, usually with less than 7 days missed, suggesting a relative safety associated with this sport.
Background: Preoperative diagnosis and treatment planning are fundamental requirements to ensure success rate of implant. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides all three dimensions and has been proved as a tool for radiology, especially in the success of implant. This study was conducted to evaluate the reliability of orthopantomography (OPG) and CBCT in presurgical implant planning. Materials and methods:The study was conducted on 110 partially or completely edentulous adult patients (male 50 and female 60). Patient information regarding name, age, gender, and so forth was recorded. Thorough clinical examination was done to locate the edentulous site for the placement of implant. All patients were subjected to OPG and CBCT.The OPG was taken with digital panoramic unit (Planmeca) operating at 120 kVp, 2 mA, and exposure time of 17 seconds. The CBCT was taken using NewTom machine with field of view 11 × 8 cm and resolution of 0.3 × 0.3 × 0.3 mm operating at 120 kVp at 5 mA. NNT software with slice thickness of 0.1 mm was used in this study.Measurement of bone height and distance from anatomical structures was done on OPG, whereas bone height and bone width were measured on CBCT scan in all three planes, such Results: The present study comprised 110 patients (male 50 and female 60). About 102 (16.7%) implants were placed in anterior region, and 508 (83.3%) implants were placed in posterior region. Implant site was incisor region (55), canine (30), premolar (250), and molar (275). The difference was significant (p < 0.01). Variations are usually observed in presurgical planning with CBCT and OPG. The length and width of implant remained unchanged in 90 and 85% of the cases respectively. In 8% of cases, OPG revealed more length of implant than CBCT, whereas only in 2% cases CBCT revealed more length of implant than OPG. The difference was significant (p < 0.05). When we compared the diameter, OPG revealed more diameter in 10% of cases, whereas CBCT only revealed 5% of cases. The difference was significant (p < 0.05). Observer found CBCT as effective in 95% of cases and ineffective in only 5% of cases, whereas OPG was effective in 78% of cases and ineffective in 22% of cases. The different was significant (p < 0.05). Reliability of Orthopantomography and Cone-beam Computed Tomography in Presurgical Implant Conclusion:The CBCT being three-dimensional provides detailed information that two-dimensional radiographs cannot offer, which aids in precision to further improve the entire implant process.Clinical significance: In recent times, implant has become the treatment of choice for edentulous patients. The CBCT has increased the success rate of implant due to its high resolution, ability to demonstrate anatomical structures more effectively than other radiographic diagnostic tools.
Abstract:In our daily life, we come across many problems caused due to traffic rule violation by some people. Mgovernance is a sub-domain of e-governance. Electronic services are made available to people because of mgovernance, with help of mobile phones. Mobile services are cheap and easily accessible in rural areas of India as well. This project strives towards improving the traffic discipline by proposing advanced technological solutions. In this project, we are designing a system which will help the traffic police officer to penalize the vehicle driver for violation of traffic rules. The penalty will be imposed to the vehicle owner if the PUC of the vehicle has expired, if the car is standing on a zebra crossing, for illegal signal crossing, crossing the prescribed speed limit and parking the car in no parking zone. The traffic police officer will have to click a picture of the vehicle number plate and select the type of complaint. A complaint will be registered against the vehicle owner and he/she will be informed about the complaint details via SMS service. The vehicle owner will be required to pay his/her fines within a stipulated time period.
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