Abstrak Salah satu upaya pemerintah untuk menyediakan gula kristal putih dengan harga terjangkau di tingkat konsumen adalah dengan menetapkan harga acuan penjualan (HAP). Meskipun demikian, harga gula kristal putih di tingkat konsumen terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor yang memengaruhi pembentukan harga eceran gula kristal putih secara komprehensif. Penelitian ini menggunakan model ekonometrika (dibangun berdasarkan data time series bulanan dari tahun 2012 hingga tahun 2017, terdiri dari 13 persamaan dan diestimasi menggunakan metode 2 SLS) dan simulasi kebijakan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang berpengaruh secara signifikan pada harga eceran gula kristal putih adalah konsumsi gula kristal putih, impor gula kebutuhan industri, harga gula dunia, harga beras di tingkat konsumen dan harga eceran gula kristal putih periode sebelumnya. Harga beras di tingkat konsumen merupakan variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap pembentukan harga gula kristal putih. Skenario kebijakan yang dapat menurunkan harga eceran gula kristal putih adalah penerapan HAP gula kristal putih yang terintegrasi dengan kenaikan impor gula kristal putih. Abstract One of the government's efforts to provide plantation white sugar at low prices at the consumer level is to set a reference sales price (HAP). Nevertheless, plantation white sugar consumer prices continue to increase. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence plantation white sugar consumer prices. This study uses an econometrics model (build from monthly time series data from 2012 until 2017, consist of 13 equations and estimated using the 2SLS method) and policy simulation. The results, an decrease in HAP, has no impact on plantation white sugar consumer prices. An increase in plantation white sugar imports can reduce the plantation white sugar consumer prices. The results show that the factors that significantly influence the retail price of plantation white sugar are consumption of plantation white sugar, import of industrial sugar, world sugar prices, rice prices at the consumer level, and retail prices of plantation white sugar in the previous periods. The price of rice at the consumer level is the most influential variable. The policy scenario that can reduce the retail price of white crystal sugar is the application of white crystal sugar HAP that is integrated with the increase in white crystal sugar imports. JEL Classification: Q02, Q11, Q18
The direction of government policy is to increase plantation white sugar production. The government through the Ministry of Agriculture has launched fertilizer subsidies to support increased plantation white sugar production. Nevertheless, Indonesia's plantation white sugar production tends to experience a decline from year to year. This condition is not in line with the objectives. This study aims to evaluate the fertilizer subsidy policy in order to achieve the national plantation white sugar self-sufficiency target. The study uses multiple linear regression methods with time series data. The results of the analysis show that the application of the subsidized fertilizer policy does not significantly affect the production of plantation white sugar from sugar cane farmers. The area of sugarcane plantation is a factor that significantly influences the production of Indonesian plantation white sugar.
The aims to determine steps to increase the labor force absorption of the Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) sector. This research using the structural equation model partial least square (SEM-PLS) method with cross-section secondary data within provinces (34 provinces) from the 2016 Economic Census (2017 census). The analysis results showed that the labor force absorption of MSEs in Indonesia was directly and positively affected by the number of MSEs and the income of MSEs. The number of MSEs in Indonesia was positively affected by the education level of MSEs owners. Meanwhile, the income of MSEs was positively affected by the use of the internet (digital technology) of MSEs. The education level of MSE owners was the only factor that had an indirect positive effect on the labor force absorption of MSEs. Increasing the labor force absorption of MSEs in Indonesia can be promoted by strengthening the entrepreneurship curriculum to foster an entrepreneurial spirit in students, especially at the higher education level, to grow the startup businesses. In addition, digital marketing partnerships with various e-commerce platforms providing marketplaces and online courier service platforms to increase MSEs income are encouraged. Keywords: Entrepreneurship Education, Startup Business, MarketplaceJEL Classification: J23, M20, O17
The policy objective of Government Purchase Price (HPP) of plantation white sugar in Indonesia is to increase the production. However, while the government increase the HPP, the production was decreased. The purpose of this study was to analize the impact of HPP policy on production of plantation white sugar in Indonesia. This study uses ex-post simulation based on econometrics model (build from monthly time series data from 2012 until 2017, consist of 13 equations and estimated using 2SLS method). The results, ex-post simulation shows that an increase HPP causes an increase in plantation white sugar production and producer surplus. However, an increase in labor wages cause decreased in production. The increase HPP also causes an increase in producer surplus. Based on producer surplus, the biggest impact of the increase in HPP was felt by the farmers.
The decrease of the smallholder sugarcane area is the major problem for the Indonesian plantation white sugar industry. This study aims to analyze factors that affecting the decrease of the smallholder sugarcane area. This study uses a panel data econometric model; using cross-sectional data from five provinces of smallholder sugarcane base area (East Java, Central Java, Lampung, West Java, and Yogyakarta) with monthly time series from 2014 to 2018. Estimates use the generalized least square (GLS) method. The results showed that the decrease of the smallholder sugarcane area was significantly affected by: (1) the decrease of sugar factories that were actively operating, (2) the increase of labor wages in the estate crops sector, (3) land competition with corn commodities, and (4) the increase of residential areas due to growth of population. The opening of new sugar factories out of Java Island is an alternative to encourages land clearing for smallholder sugarcane areas.
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