Dual left anterior descending artery is a rare coronary artery anomaly showing two left anterior descending arteries. Short anterior descending artery usually arises from the left coronary artery, while long anterior descending artery has anomalous origin and course. Dual left anterior descending artery with origin of long anterior descending artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a very rare coronary artery anomaly which has not been reported previously in the literature. We present the computed tomography coronary angiographic findings of this rare case in a young female patient who presented with atypical chest pain.
Pulmonary carcinosarcoma is a rare lung tumor, which contains both malignant carcinomatous and heterotopic sarcomatous components. There are only few case reports on the imaging diagnosis of this rare tumor. Herein, we present the radiological findings of this rare tumor, which was suspected on computed tomography (CT) scan due to atypical CT findings of malignant lung mass (not usually seen in bronchogenic carcinoma) and was finally confirmed histologically.
Mediastinal masses can be encountered on imaging in many patients whether symptomatic or asymptomatic. Location and characterization of lesion is important for the differential diagnosis of mass. Computed tomography is the modality of choice for the evaluation of mediastinal masses. In this article, we discuss various posterior mediastinal masses and identify their origin and cause.
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in Indian women. Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) has improved specificity in characterising breast lesions. Diffusion weighted imaging can improve the sensitivity and specificity of MRI in the evaluation of breast lesions thus differentiating between benign and malignant breast lesions. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role of diffusion weighted MRI and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI in differentiating benign from malignant breast lesions and to compare its findings with histopathological or fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) findings. METHODS A descriptive diagnostic study enrolled 30 female patients of palpable breast lumps with positive findings either on mammography or ultrasound. Ultrasonography was done on HD 15 (Philips Medical Systems, USA). This was followed by MRI which was done on MULTIVA 1.5 T using a dedicated breast array coil. RESULTS Fibroadenoma accounted for majority of benign lesions (4 / 10) while invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) accounted for majority of malignant lesions (15 / 20). 7 / 10 benign lesions showed type I curve, while majority (15 / 20) of the malignant lesions showed type III curve. 8 / 10 benign breast lesions did not show restricted diffusion on diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) while all malignant lesions showed restricted diffusion on DWI. In our study, the mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value for benign and malignant lesions was 1.59 x 10-3 mm2 / s and 0.88 x 10- 3 mm2 / s respectively. CONCLUSIONS MR morphology, DCE-MRI and DWI are useful to characterise various breast lesions. MRI features of signal intensity of hypointensity on T2WI with other associated features of irregular shape, spiculate margins, heterogeneous enhancement on DCEMRI, type III dynamic curve and reduced ADC value are strong predictors of malignancy. KEY WORDS Breast MRI, DCE-MRI, DWI, Breast Carcinoma
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.