Two in two: Dioxygenation of alkenyl boronic acids has been achieved with N-hydroxyphthalimide. The two-step process involves etherification of an alkenyl boronic acid with N-hydroxyphthalimide followed by a [3,3] rearrangement. The dioxygenated product can then be hydrolyzed to form either the corresponding α-hydroxy ketone or the α-benzoyloxy ketone.

Base-mediated double conjugate addition of 1,3-propane dithiol to various silylated propargylic aldehydes and ketones allows for an efficient and scalable synthesis of β-carbonyl silyl-1,3-dithianes.Polyketide-based natural products show a tremendous variety of biological activity and structural diversity, and thus the development of new synthetic methods for their efficient syntheses has been a highly pursued goal in organic chemistry. 1 Most general and effective methods for the construction of typical polyketide motifs include an aldol reaction between enolates and aldehydes, 2 asymmetric allylation and crotylation of aldehydes, 3 and opening of epoxides with 2-lithiodithianes. 4 In our plan to develop a modular approach for the construction of polyketides, we dsunglee@uic.edu. Supporting Information Available: General procedures and characterization data of new compounds. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org. NIH Public Accessdesired to take advantage of the capacity of olefin metathesis. 5 Thus, allylation or a crotylation product derived from bifunctional aldehyde 1 can be directly joined with another polyketide motif without any functional group manipulation. Also, it was envisioned that these processes could be further streamlined by a tandem allylation (crotylation)-epoxide opening via 1,4-Brook rearrangement, further improving the economy of polyketide synthesis (Eq 1). Such a streamlined synthesis can also be envisaged for the corresponding ketones 2 via an asymmetric aldol, 6 Evans-Tishchenko reduction 7 and anion relay chemistry (ARC) 4 sequence (Eq 2). The effectiveness of this concept was amply demonstrated in our recent formal synthesis of cochleamycin A (Scheme 1), 8 where, triethylsilyldithiane aldehyde 1 was converted to the β- Through this streamlined sequence, various polyketide motifs are expected to be synthesized in an unusually effective manner, which, however, is contingent upon a secure supply of carbonyl compounds 1 and 2 (Scheme 2) containing γ,3-dithiane and trialkylsilyl moieties.Conceptually, two general approaches (Path A and B) to these compounds are envisioned, and along these lines, several procedures 10,11,12,13 were already reported in the literature. From the standpoint of substrate scope and functional group tolerance, 11,12 the latter involving a double Michael addition of 1,3-propanedithiol to α,β-acetylenic aldehydes and ketones seems to be most attractive. However, the isolation of a silylated hemiacetal by Ley and coworkers under their base-mediated conjugate addition to silyl-substituted propargylic aldehydes (Eq 3) calls for an alternative procedure for silyl-substituted acetylenic aldehydes. Herein, we report on the development of a general, efficient and scalable method for the synthesis of β-carbonyl silyl-1,3-dithianes (1 and 2) carrying various silyl groups.It was expected that the aldehyde 4 and ketone 6 could be garnered via formylation 14 or acylation 15 of the corresponding silyl acetylides. However,...

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We present an end-to-end method for capturing the dynamics of 3D human characters and translating them for synthesizing new, visually-realistic motion sequences. Conventional methods employ sophisticated, but generic, control approaches for driving the joints of articulated characters, paying little attention to the distinct dynamics of human joint movements. In contrast, our approach attempts to synthesize human-like joint movements by exploiting a biologically-plausible, compact network of spiking neurons that drive joint control in primates and rodents. We adapt the controller architecture by introducing learnable components and propose an evolutionary algorithm for training the spiking neural network architectures and capturing diverse joint dynamics. Our method requires only a few samples for capturing the dynamic properties of a joint's motion and exploits the biologically-inspired, trained controller for its reconstruction. More importantly, it can transfer the captured dynamics to new visually-plausible motion sequences. To enable user-dependent tailoring of the resulting motion sequences, we develop an interactive framework that allows for editing and real-time visualization of the controlled 3D character. We also demonstrate the applicability of our method to real human motion capture data by learning the hand joint dynamics from a gesture dataset and using our framework to reconstruct the gestures with our 3D animated character. The compact architecture of our joint controller emerging from its biologically-realistic design, and the inherent capacity of our evolutionary learning algorithm for parallelization, suggest that our approach could provide an efficient and scalable alternative for synthesizing 3D character animations with diverse and visually-realistic motion dynamics.

Zwei Stufen, zwei Produkte: Alkenylboronsäuren können in einem zweistufigen Prozess dioxygeniert werden, bei dem das Substrat zunächst mit N‐Hydroxyphthalimid verethert wird, bevor eine [3,3]‐Umlagerung erfolgt. Das dioxygenierte Produkt kann dann unter Bildung des α‐Hydroxyketons hydrolysiert oder in das entsprechende α‐Benzoyloxyketon überführt werden.