In the development of intelligent video surveillance systems for tracking a vehicle, occlusions are one of the major challenges. It becomes difficult to retain features during occlusion especially in case of complete occlusion. In this paper, a target vehicle tracking algorithm for Smart Video Surveillance (SVS) is proposed to track an unidentified target vehicle even in case of occlusions. This paper proposes a computationally efficient approach for handling occlusions named as Kalman Filter Assisted Occlusion Handling (KFAOH) technique. The algorithm works through two periods namely tracking period when no occlusion is seen and detection period when occlusion occurs, thus depicting its hybrid nature. Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi (KLT) feature tracker governs the operation of algorithm during the tracking period, whereas, a Cascaded Object Detector (COD) of weak classifiers, specially trained on a large database of cars governs the operation during detection period or occlusion with the assistance of Kalman Filter (KF). The algorithm's tracking efficiency has been tested on six different tracking scenarios with increasing complexity in real-time. Performance evaluation under different noise variances and illumination levels shows that the tracking algorithm has good robustness against high noise and low illumination. All tests have been conducted on the MATLAB platform. The validity and practicality of the algorithm are also verified by success plots and precision plots for the test cases.
Abstract-In this paper a Micro-Strip Fed Dielectric Resonator (MSFDR)Antenna is modified to be implemented in the form of a textile wearable logo for wireless communications in smart wearable systems. Over the years of extensive research DRAs have been found to be very effective in small size and wide bandwidth applications. Also in context to protruding nature of DRA it is an attractive choice for an application as a logo in clothing apparels. The proposed design study was carried out by using the Ansoft HFSS 13.0, a full wave EM software. The antenna operates on a wide frequency range from 5-6.24 GHz. Analysis has been performed on four different textile substrates namely Wash Cotton, Jeans, Polycot and Polyester materials. Similar performance in terms of |S 11 | dB and radiation patterns were observed with all four substrates and discussed in detail.Keyword [12] have also been reported to have desirable performance characteristics. Another accessorized antenna in the form of logo has been investigated in [13] and is observed to have desirable performance characteristics but it is prone to distortions and bending due to human movements. This problem can be somewhat addressed by using a solid protruded Dielectric Resonator Antenna which is less vulnerable to bending and crumbling. Though DRAs have been used in wearable applications before [14] but not in a compact accessorized manner. Also the possibility of size reduction should also be investigated.In this paper we propose a modified and reduced size DRA antenna design which can be easily integrated into regular clothing in the form of a logo or a button. The antenna uses a textile substrate. Simulation results in Ansoft HFSS 13.0 exhibit that antenna operates from 5.00 GHz to 6.24 GHz and is suitable for wide band applications. The antenna is studied for different textile substrates available in commercial market. Additionally, this paper contains 3D polar plot analysis for directivity and radiation pattern analysis for the gain. These results have been discussed in following text extensively. In section II, materials for fabrication and methods for obtaining results are illustrated. This section discusses brief characteristics of DRA to get a clearer understanding of its working and the proposed antenna dimensions and the geometry. In section III, simulation results for the specified geometry are presented and also variations in antenna performance due to changes in various parameters have been observed. Section IV concludes the research work done in this paper along with future research work areas. II. MATERIALS AND METHODSFollowing text elaborates the technology and all the materials which would be necessary to fabricate the proposed antenna. A. Dielectric Resonator AntennaA Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) is a low profile radio antenna mostly used for high frequency applications. It is very similar to a microstrip patch antenna in terms of radiation patterns and feeding mechanisms. Physically, DRA consists of a block of ceramic material of various sh...
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