BACKGROUND The recovery after prolonged immobilization during hospitalization because of COVID-19 is the primary goal of moderate to severe COVID-19 rehabilitation. Lower extremity muscle function assessment after immobilization is needed before starting mobilization. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the modified 30-second sit-to-stand test (m30STS) as one of the prospective tools of functional capacity assessment in moderate COVID-19. METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited the subjects consecutively. All eligible subjects with oxygen saturation (SaO2) ≥95% with or without oxygen supplementation performed the m30STS following the Bohannon’s guidelines. The score of m30STS was calculated based on the number of stands completed within 30 sec. A higher score of the m30STS indicated better lower extremity function. RESULTS Mean score of m30STS was 13.3. No subjects had oxygen desaturation or increased heart rate, and no fall incidents occurred. CONCLUSIONS The m30STS is feasible and safe to evaluate lower extremity for moderate COVID-19 patients with SaO2 >95%. The absence of oxygen desaturation and increase in heart rate showed no increased oxygen consumption during the test.
Background:The gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is gradually deemed as a novel risk factor for cardiovascular events. However, there is limited evidence about the role of TMAO in pre-eclampsia.Objective:The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the association of TMAO in pre-eclampsia.Methods:PubMed, Europe PMC, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar were systematically searched from inception up to January 2021. The standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated and pooled to investigate the effect sizes.Results:Three eligible articles that met the study criteria were included in the current meta-analysis. Overall, the higher serum TMAO level was significantly associated with risk for pre-eclampsia (SMD = 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.29–1.46, Z = 2.94, P = 0.003) compared with healthy control. A significant heterogeneity among studies was observed (I2 = 85%; P-heterogeneity = 0.001). Hence, we conducted subgroup analyses of severity status to investigate the source of heterogeneity. Consistent results were obtained in all examined subgroups as well as in the sensitivity analysis. The risk for severe pre-eclampsia for higher serum TMAO was 1.16 (95% CI = 0.69–1.62, Z = 4.85, P < 0.00001) compared with control group although no significant difference was observed concerning the association between serum TMAO level and mild pre-eclampsia (SMD = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.27–1.15, Z = 1.21, P = 0.22).Conclusion:The current meta-analysis shows that higher serum TMAO amount was associated with increased risk of pre-eclampsia.
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