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Fertilization practices can contribute to modify the properties of the soils, in particular salinity and the pH of soils. The main goal of this study is to demonstrate the impact of the physicochemical properties changes related to applied phosphorus fertilizers on phosphorus availability in light textured soils having low calcareous content. A short-term incubation experiment during 105 days was carried out in field conditions. Three different phosphorus fertilizers (monoammonium phosphate, fosfactyl and single super phosphate) were added in a sandy soil. The principal results indicated that the application of these fertilizers causes an enhancement in phosphorus availability in this soil. Through incubation period, the contribution of phosphorus showed a tendency to increase in the electrical conductivity value of the soil. The SSP fertilizer shows a highest degree of soil salinization with 7.57% compared to the control without phosphorus addition. On the other side the P fertilizers tested exert an acidifying effect, the addition of monoammonium phosphate causes a decrease in pH values of soil in the range of 6.71% compared to untreated samples. Therefore, the pH values of the control reflect the degree of acidification of phosphorus fertilizers used which constitutes an advantage in our Saharan climatic conditions. This study demonstrates that it is essential to choose appropriate fertilizers according to the components of the soils in order to have a suitably reasoned mineral fertilization and respectful of the physicochemical environment of soil and undergrounds waters properties.

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Crop wastes could be applied in conjunction with synthetic fertilizers to satisfy crop nutritional needs and enhance soil fertility. A field experiment was carried out during winter 2019–2020 at the AMK Research Farm (Palatoo) Mardan, KPK (Pakistan) to investigate the combined effect of phosphorous (PS) and organic sources (OSs) on wheat productivity under different irrigation regimes. The experimental factors were: two irrigation regimes (limited and full irrigation), three inorganic sources of phosphorus (triple super phosphate (TSP), single super phosphate (SSP) and di-ammonium phosphate (DAP)) applied at 90 kg ha−1, and three organic amendments (farmyard manure (FYM), mung bean residue (MBR), and canola residue (CR)) applied at a rate of 10 t ha−1. A control plot (no phosphorus or organic supply) was included. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was adopted. Among the fertilization strategies, SSP + FYM outperformed all other P fertilizers combined with legume or nonlegume residues in terms of grains per spike−1 (52), thousand-grain weight (41.6 g), biological yield (9.7 t ha−1), and grain yield (4 t ha−1). Under full irrigation, improved yield, yield components, and profits were obtained compared to the limited irrigation regime. Three clusters were obtained after applying an Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) conferred the positive effects of inorganic P with FYM on the wheat yield and its related parameters. This study indicated that the productivity of wheat under the SSP + FYM fertilization strategy was found to be more economical with respect to the benefit–cost ratio (BCR). The combined application of SSP + FYM was more profitable in terms of a higher BCR (3.25) than other treatments under the full irrigation regime.

<p>Established fertilizer recommendations for wheat is urgently required to enhance the application efficiency of commercial phosphorus (P) fertilizers. This study evaluated the effect of inorganic P combined with some organic supplements i.e., citric acid (CA) or pigeon manure juice (PMJ), on alkaline-calcareous soil as well as plant measurements and phosphorus efficiency parameters of wheat (Triticum durum ’Boussalem’). Different concentrations of P in solution i.e., 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.40 mg l−1, were worked out theoretically using the Freundlich model. A greenhouse study was conducted on a permanent layout with three replicates. As a result, phosphorus in the control was 0.493 mg P pot−1. However, in amended pots with organic substances, the averages of P uptake were 0.701 and 0.785 mg P pot−1, respectively for PMJ and CA treatments. A lower P requirement of 0.195 and 0.245 mg P l−1 may be required in CA and PMJ treatments, compared to the control treatments (0.345 mg P l−1). In addition, the phosphorus absorption efficiency (PAE) was higher in the CA and PMJ treatments. So, it is recommended to apply P fertilizers with poultry manure juice as an alternative solution in order to improve the efficiency of inorganic P fertilizers and consequently reduce their application rates in alkaline calcareous soils.</p>

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