IIIImunidade inata da glândula mamária bovina: resposta à infecção
Efeito do uso de um selante interno de tetos na profilaxia de novas infecções intramamárias durante o período seco e no pós-parto * Prophylaxis of new intramammary infections during the dry and early lactation periods by the use of an internal teat sealant
A mastite estafilocócica ocasiona prejuízos consideráveis aos produtores, à industria leiteira e aos consumidores. O controle desta doença através de vacinação resulta numa proteção modesta, o que tem inibido a utilização de vacinas pelos criadores. Para avaliar o efeito da vacinação sobre um dos principais mecanismos imunológicos de defesa, foram utilizados dois grupos de cinco animais, sendo um vacinado com vacina comercial (MASTAPH ® ) e o outro não vacinado. Foi provocada uma mastite transitória e estéril nestes animais, através da aplicação de endotoxina de Escherichia coli em um quarto mamário, para a obtenção de células inflamatórias. As amostras foram dividas em: animais vacinados e não vacinados; com ou sem opsonização prévia das amostras bacterianas; e utilização de cepas de Staphylococcus aureus e de Staphylococcus sp. para a observação de fagocitose. As células foram colocadas em contato com as cepas de estafilococos por meia hora, para desencadear o processo de fagocitose e adesão celular. Posteriormente, foram feitos esfregaços em lâminas, utilizando-se a coloração de Wright, e contadas as células bacterianas aderidas às células. A contagem foi feita em duplicata, por dois operadores diferentes. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística (Teste de t não pareado), onde se verificou um aumento significativo na associação de bactérias às células inflamatórias nos animais vacinados, tanto quando a amostra bacteriana utilizada era Staphylococcus sp. ou S. aureus (p<0.01). O prévio tratamento das bactérias com soro imune aumenta significativamente o número de bactérias associadas a células (p<0.01). Concluiu-se que a utilização desta vacina comercial para mastite estafilocócica mostrou-se eficaz, aumentado a associação de Staphylococcus sp. a células inflamatórias do leite. ABSTRACTStaphylococcal mastitis causes considerable economic losses to the producer, the milk industry and to the consumers. The control of this disease through vaccination results in a modest protection, and this has inhibited its use. This experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of a commercial vaccine against staphylococcal mastitis on the association of this bacterium to milk cells. Two groups of five animals each were utilized. One was vaccinated with a a commercial vaccine (MASTAPH ® ), as per the manufacturer's recommendation and the other was left unvaccinated. Inflammation was induced in one quarter of the mammary gland of all animals, by the infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin, to obtain inflammatory cells. The samples were further divided as follows: vaccinated and unvaccinated animals; previous opsonization of the bacterial strains and no opsonization; phagocytosis and adhesion of a Staphylococcus aureus strain of Staphylococcus sp. Cells were co-incubated with the bacteria for ½ hour, to trigger the adhesion and phagocytosis process. After that, slides were prepared, and the number of bacteria associated to cells was counted. The counts were made in duplicate, and by two different operators. The...
SUMMARY Ovine mastitis causes varying economic fosses in all countries where sheep are kept. A survey of 3128 breeding ewes in 22 farms in two areas with different management practices in Southern Brazil showed that the average prevalence of subclinical and chronic mastitis was 14.1% of ewes with at least one affected gland. From those, 4.49% were also bacteriologically positive. The prevalence in individual farms varied from 0 to 37% of ewes with clinical abnormalities of the udder. The overall prevalence was greater in Area II, where meat breeds predominate and animals are housed at night. It is concluded that subclinical and chronic mastitis is uniikely to be an economic problem in Area I, where wool production is the objective of the sheep industry. However, in individual farms with high prevalence of the disease lamb survival and development may be affected. In Area II, mastitis is more likely to be a problem because of the higher prevalence found in that area.
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